Question 1

The Cold War policy of resisting any further encroachment of governments labeled communist was ____________.
A) idealism
B) collective security
C) Nuremberg principles
D) containment
E) deterrence

Accepted Answer

The policy of resisting any further encroachment of governments labeled communist was known as containment. This policy was aimed at preventing the spread of communism and was a cornerstone of the US foreign policy during the Cold War. The policy described in the question is commonly known as "containment".

Question 2

Realism identifies the resources involved in creating the threat of punishment. Those resources include
A) economic power
B) the appeal of one's principle
C) military might
D) all of the above
E) (B) and (C) only

Accepted Answer

Realism identifies that the resources involved in creating the threat of punishment include economic power, the appeal of one's principle, and military might. Therefore, the best choice is (D) all of the above. Realism theory identifies three important resources involved in creating the threat of punishment: economic power, the appeal of one's principle, and military might. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes all of the above.

Question 3

Realists are willing to engage in
A) power politics
B) sanctions
C) limited war for limited objectives
D) diplomacy

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

During the Cold War, the guiding principle of U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union was
A) Collective security
B) NATO
C) The Nuremburg Principle
D) Containment

Accepted Answer

The principle of containment was the guiding principle of U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War. The U.S. sought to prevent the spread of communism by containing it within its current borders, rather than pursuing a policy of aggressive military action or direct confrontation with the Soviet Union. The guiding principle of U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union during the Cold War was containment. This meant that the United States aimed to prevent the spread of communism and Soviet influence around the world, often using diplomatic, economic, and military means. The policy of containment was initially articulated by diplomat George Kennan in 1946 and became a cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy for several decades.

Question 5

Collective security is a system that assumes that the preponderance of states in the world share values of peaceful coexistence and wish to prevent aggression by one state on another.

Accepted Answer

Collective security is based on the assumption that most states share a common interest in preventing aggression and ensuring peaceful coexistence. It seeks to create a system of international cooperation and mutual defense against any state that threatens the security of other states.

Question 6

The notion that soldiers and government officials in sovereign nations are obliged to disobey laws and policies that violate universal standards of justice is commonly referred to as:
A) The Nuremberg Principle
B) The Dresden Principle
C) The Tokyo Edict
D) None of the Above

Accepted Answer

This is known as the Nuremberg Principle, which was established after World War II to hold individuals accountable for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. The principle emphasizes that following orders is not a valid excuse for committing such crimes and that individuals have a duty to disobey orders that violate universal standards of justice. The other options (B and C) are not established principles or widely recognized concepts in international law. The Nuremberg Principle, established after World War II, states that individuals have a duty to disobey orders that violate international and universal standards of justice, even if they come from a superior authority. This principle was established during the trial of Nazi leaders at Nuremberg, where it was determined that individuals cannot use the defense of "just following orders" to justify their participation in war crimes or crimes against humanity.

Question 7

Balance of Power is the concept that no one power or coalition of power should be allowed to gain dominating power as to be able to dictate the terms of the relationship among nations. This is done by
A) playing a game of chess
B) bribing the stronger power with needed resources
C) shifting alliances so that one power always allies with the weaker of competing states or alliances
D) working through the resources of the United Nations

Accepted Answer

Balance of Power is achieved by shifting alliances so that one power always allies with the weaker of competing states or alliances. This ensures that no one power becomes too dominant and can dictate terms to other nations. Playing a game of chess or bribing stronger powers with resources are not effective ways to maintain balance of power, and trusting in the resources of the United Nations alone is also not a guarantee of balance of power. Shifting alliances so that one power always allies with the weaker of competing states or alliances is the most effective way to maintain the balance of power. This ensures that no one power becomes too dominant and that alliances are in constant flux, making it difficult for any one state or coalition to achieve overwhelming power. Chess is a game and cannot be utilized on the international stage, bribing the stronger power goes against the concept of balance and would only lead to further imbalance and working through the resources of the United Nations is too bureaucratic and time-consuming to be effective in maintaining balance.

Question 8

Another name for idealism in foreign policy is
A) Wilsonianism
B) Realism
C) Institutionalism
D) Reaganism

Accepted Answer

Wilsonianism is another name for idealism in foreign policy, named after President Woodrow Wilson who believed in promoting democracy and international cooperation to prevent war. Realism, on the other hand, is a foreign policy approach that prioritizes national interests and the balance of power among countries. Institutionalism focuses on the role of international institutions in shaping foreign policy. Reaganism is a term used to describe the foreign policy approach of President Ronald Reagan, which focused on anti-communism and military strength.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of classical diplomacy?
A) There is no universal self-evident principle of justice, right or wrong or truth that nations are morally obligated to pursue.
B) There is wide-spread public support for the policy of genocide.
C) The universal principle of justice is self-evident to all reasonable people.
D) It presumes that communism is a bad thing.

Accepted Answer

Classical diplomacy does not prescribe a universal self-evident principle of justice, right or wrong or truth that nations are morally obligated to pursue. It instead emphasizes the importance of national interest and power. Choices B, C and D are not accurate statements about classical diplomacy. Classical diplomacy does not regard moral principles as universally applicable to all nations, and thus there is no obligation for nations to pursue a specific principle of justice, right or wrong or truth.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a part of Wilsonian idealism?
A) Balance of power
B) The Nuremburg Principle
C) Emphasis on diplomacy
D) Spheres of interest

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 11

American policy toward the communist countries shortly after the Second World War would best be described as:
A) detente
B) liberation
C) containment
D) support

Accepted Answer

American policy toward communist countries shortly after the Second World War was mainly driven by the containment of communism, as articulated by George F. Kennan in his "Long Telegram" and "The Sources of Soviet Conduct". The doctrine of containment aimed at preventing the spread of communism beyond its existing borders by using economic, political, and military means. It was implemented through various measures, such as the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the establishment of NATO, the Korean War, and the Berlin airlift. The correct answer is containment. The United States implemented a policy of containing the spread of communism during the Cold War, which included economic aid to allies, military alliances, and diplomatic efforts to isolate communist countries. This policy was first articulated by George F. Kennan in his "Long Telegram" from Moscow in 1946 and was later formalized in the Truman Doctrine of 1947.

Question 12

Which of the following factors were important in leading to the end of the Cold War?
A) results of the Vietnam War
B) the collapse of communism
C) antagonism between Communist China and the Soviet Union
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the factors listed in A, B, and C played a role in leading to the end of the Cold War. The results of the Vietnam War had a significant impact on American domestic politics and international relations, which contributed to a shift away from the "containment" policies of the Cold War. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union was a pivotal moment in the end of the Cold War, as it removed the ideological basis of the conflict. The antagonism between Communist China and the Soviet Union also played a role, as it weakened the cohesion of the socialist bloc and undermined Soviet power. All three factors mentioned played important roles in leading to the end of the Cold War. The results of the Vietnam War weakened American morale and reduced the country's willingness to continue investing in military interventions abroad. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union undermined the ideological foundation of the Cold War, and the reforms initiated by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev further weakened the Soviet system. Finally, the antagonism between Communist China and the Soviet Union created distractions and divisions within the communist bloc, making it more difficult for the USSR to maintain its dominance.

Question 13

Idealism in foreign policy includes which of the following features?
A) emphasis on human rights
B) focus on power politics
C) focus on spheres of influence
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Idealism in foreign policy emphasizes on human rights, democracy, and cooperation among nations. It prioritizes moral principles over self-interest, which is opposite to power politics and spheres of influence. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 14

___________ emphasizes diplomacy and collective action as a way of settling international disputes.
A) Realism
B) Idealism
C) Defense Department
D) North Korea

Accepted Answer

Idealism emphasizes the importance of working together to solve problems and achieve common goals, rather than relying on military power or individual self-interest.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a prominent component of the Realist paradigm?
A) Spheres of influence
B) Power politics
C) Deterrence
D) Collective security

Accepted Answer

Collective security is not a prominent component of the Realist paradigm. Realists prioritize national interests, power, and balance of power over collective security measures.

Question 16

Realists argue that the United States should not get involved in Rwanda or Sudan genocide, but should try to halt the ethnic cleansing of the former Yugoslavia because
A) Rwanda and Sudan are African countries.
B) the U.S. has more Yugoslavian residents than Africans
C) the U.S. has more interests at stake in the affairs of Central Europe
D) ethnic cleansing is worse than genocide

Accepted Answer

Realists believe that countries should only get involved in international conflicts if it is in their national interest to do so. In the case of the former Yugoslavia, the U.S. had more interests at stake in Central Europe, including the potential destabilization of NATO and the fear of spreading violence. In contrast, Rwanda and Sudan were seen as having less strategic importance to the U.S. and therefore were not given as much attention. Realists believe that the United States should only get involved in conflicts where there are important national interests at stake. In the case of the former Yugoslavia, the U.S. had strategic interests in Central Europe and was concerned about the potential spread of conflict in the region. In contrast, Rwanda and Sudan are considered less strategically important, and therefore the U.S. is less likely to intervene in conflicts in those countries.

Question 17

The policy of containment was aimed at
A) rolling back communism
B) limiting the expansion of communism
C) preventing the spread of nuclear weapons
D) preventing the spread of oil pollution

Accepted Answer

The policy of containment, implemented by the United States during the Cold War, was aimed at limiting the expansion of communism. It involved providing military and economic aid to countries threatened by communist expansion and using diplomatic and military means to prevent the spread of communism. Rolling back communism would have involved actively overthrowing existing communist governments, which was not a primary goal of containment. Preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and oil pollution were not central objectives of the policy of containment. The policy of containment, introduced by the United States during the Cold War, aimed at limiting the expansion of communism, specifically the Soviet Union's influence, and preventing it from spreading to other countries. It did not focus on rolling back communism, preventing the spread of nuclear weapons, or preventing oil pollution.

Question 18

Realists criticized United States involvement in the Vietnam War because
A) we didn't have sufficient national interests to warrant the cost in resources and manpower
B) it was unwinnable
C) it was a violation of the Monroe Doctrine
D) there is no common border with Southeast Asia.

Accepted Answer

Realists focus on the pursuit of national interests and the costs and benefits of foreign policy. Critics of the Vietnam War argued that the US did not have sufficient national interests, such as protecting vital trade routes or preventing the spread of communism, that warranted the enormous cost in resources and manpower involved in the conflict. Realists believed that a country's involvement in a war should be based on its own national interests. They argued that the United States did not have sufficient national interests in Vietnam to justify the huge cost in resources and manpower that the war required.

Question 19

Foreign policy decisions intended to prevent a potentially hostile power from gaining a preponderance of strength relate to the doctrine of:
A) national strength.
B) collective security.
C) internationalism.
D) balance of power.
E) isolationism.

Accepted Answer

The doctrine of balance of power focuses on preventing one country or power from attaining too much dominance, which can lead to destabilization and conflict. This is often achieved through alliances, military buildup, and counterbalancing against potential threats.

Question 20

Realism in foreign policy includes which of the following features?
A) national interest as the primary goal
B) emphasis on balance of power
C) attention to spheres of interest
D) all of the above
E) (B) and (C) only

Accepted Answer

Realism in foreign policy emphasizes the national interest as the primary goal, the balance of power, and attention to spheres of interest. Therefore, option D, "all of the above," is the best choice.

Quiz 12: Foreign Defense Policy: Security and Interests in a Dangerous World

The Cold War policy of resisting any further encroachment of governments labeled communist was ____________.

Realism identifies the resources involved in creating the threat of punishment. Those resources include

Realists are willing to engage in

During the Cold War, the guiding principle of U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union was

Collective security is a system that assumes that the preponderance of states in the world share values of peaceful coexistence and wish to prevent aggression by one state on another.

The notion that soldiers and government officials in sovereign nations are obliged to disobey laws and policies that violate universal standards of justice is commonly referred to as:

Balance of Power is the concept that no one power or coalition of power should be allowed to gain dominating power as to be able to dictate the terms of the relationship among nations. This is done by

Another name for idealism in foreign policy is

Which of the following statements is true of classical diplomacy?

Which of the following is NOT a part of Wilsonian idealism?

American policy toward the communist countries shortly after the Second World War would best be described as:

Which of the following factors were important in leading to the end of the Cold War?

Idealism in foreign policy includes which of the following features?

___________ emphasizes diplomacy and collective action as a way of settling international disputes.

Which of the following is NOT a prominent component of the Realist paradigm?

Realists argue that the United States should not get involved in Rwanda or Sudan genocide, but should try to halt the ethnic cleansing of the former Yugoslavia because

The policy of containment was aimed at

Realists criticized United States involvement in the Vietnam War because

Foreign policy decisions intended to prevent a potentially hostile power from gaining a preponderance of strength relate to the doctrine of:

Realism in foreign policy includes which of the following features?