Question 1

Which is defined as the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature?
A) precipitation
B) combustion
C) solubility
D) super saturation
E) dilution

Accepted Answer

Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature. Precipitation is the opposite process of solubility, where excess solute separates from a solution. Combustion is a chemical reaction between a fuel and oxidant that produces heat and usually light. Supersaturation refers to a solution that contains more dissolved solute than would normally be possible at a given temperature and pressure. Dilution refers to the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding solvent.

Question 2

Which accurately characterizes all nonelectrolyte solutions?
A) Nonelectrolyte solutions contain molecules.
B) Nonelectrolyte solutions conduct electricity.
C) Nonelectrolyte solutions react with other solutions.
D) Nonelectrolyte solutions do not conduct electricity.
E) Nonelectrolyte solutions conduct heat.

Accepted Answer

Nonelectrolyte solutions do not contain ions that can conduct electricity, therefore they do not conduct electricity. They do contain molecules, but this is not unique to nonelectrolyte solutions as electrolyte solutions also contain molecules. Nonelectrolyte solutions may react with other solutions but this is not a defining characteristic of them. Similarly, they may conduct heat but this is not a unique characteristic either.

Question 3

Which process defines how an ionic compound breaks apart into its constituent ions upon dissolution?
A) electrolysis
B) dissociation
C) division
D) ionization
E) decomposition

Accepted Answer

Dissociation is the process by which an ionic compound breaks apart into its constituent ions upon dissolution. Electrolysis is the process by which an electric current is passed through a substance to cause a chemical change. Division and decomposition are not relevant processes in this context. Ionization is a process by which an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons to become an ion. While ionization can occur during dissociation, it is not the defining process that occurs.

Question 4

Which substance is present in the largest proportion in a solution?
A) salute
B) gas
C) solvent
D) solid
E) solute

Accepted Answer

The solvent is the substance that dissolves other substances in a solution, and it is present in the largest proportion. The solute is the substance that is dissolved, while the salute is an honorary gesture. Gases can be dissolved in solutions, but they do not inherently make up a large proportion of the solution. Solids can also be dissolved in solutions, but their proportion will be smaller than that of the solvent.

Question 5

What is the name given to a solution that contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve?
A) Unsaturated
B) Saturated
C) Solvented
D) Oversaturated
E) Supersaturated

Accepted Answer

An unsaturated solution is one that contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve. The solvent has room to dissolve more solute.

Question 6

Which of these compounds is a nonelectrolyte? A) NaOH B) HNO₃ C) C₂H₆O (ethanol) D) KF E) CH₃COOH (acetic acid)

Accepted Answer

Ethanol (C₂H₆O) is a nonelectrolyte as it is a covalent compound and does not dissociate into ions in solution. The other compounds listed are electrolytes as they dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and KF (potassium fluoride) are strong electrolytes as they dissociate completely, while acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is a weak electrolyte as it only partially dissociates. The compound HNO₃ is not a known compound.

Question 7

Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte? A) HCl B) CH₃COOH (acetic acid) C) C₆H₁₂O₆(glucose) D) O₂ E) NaCl

Accepted Answer

Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak electrolyte because it does not completely dissociate into ions in solution.

Question 8

Which of these compounds is a nonelectrolyte? A) NaF B) HNO₃ C) CH₃COOH (acetic acid) D) NaOH E) C₆H₁₂O₆(glucose)

Accepted Answer

Glucose (E) is a nonelectrolyte because it does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, unlike the other compounds listed which do dissociate into ions and thus are electrolytes.

Question 9

Which of these compounds is a strong electrolyte? A) H₂O B) N₂ C) CH₃COOH (acetic acid) D) C₂H₆O (ethanol) E) KOH

Accepted Answer

KOH is a strong electrolyte because it is a strong base that dissociates completely in water to produce K+ cations and OH- anions. The other compounds listed are not strong electrolytes because they either do not dissociate completely in water (such as acetic acid and ethanol) or do not contain ions (such as H₂O and N₂).

Question 10

What is the name given to a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature?
A) Saturated
B) Unsaturated
C) Solvent
D) Solute
E) Supersaturated

Accepted Answer

A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature. No more solute can be dissolved in the solution at that temperature without precipitating out.

Question 11

The distinguishing characteristic of all nonelectrolyte solutions is that they
A) contain ions.
B) do not conduct electricity.
C) react with other solutions.
D) always contain acids.
E) conducts heat.

Accepted Answer

Nonelectrolyte solutions do not contain ions and therefore do not conduct electricity.

Question 12

The distinguishing characteristic of all electrolyte solutions is that they
A) contain molecules.
B) conduct electricity.
C) react with other solutions.
D) always contain acids.
E) conduct heat.

Accepted Answer

The distinguishing characteristic of electrolyte solutions is that they conduct electricity due to the presence of ions in the solution. A) is incorrect because not all electrolyte solutions contain molecules (e.g. ionic compounds dissolved in water). C) and D) are incorrect because electrolyte solutions do not necessarily react with other solutions or always contain acids. E) is incorrect because electrolyte solutions may or may not conduct heat well. Electrolyte solutions conduct electricity due to the presence of ions, which are charged particles formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent. This property distinguishes them from non-electrolyte solutions, which do not conduct electricity.

Question 13

Which is the correct description of a solution?
A) A solution is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
B) A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
C) A solution may be a gas, solid, or liquid.
D) A solution is any mixture of two or more substances.

Accepted Answer

A solution is a type of mixture in which the particles of the solvent (usually a liquid) are evenly distributed throughout the particles of the solute(s). This results in a homogeneous mixture, meaning the entire solution has the same composition and properties throughout. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Option A is incorrect because heterogeneous mixtures are not considered solutions. Option C is incorrect because while a solution can be a gas, solid, or liquid, this is not the defining characteristic of a solution. Option D is too broad and encompasses all types of mixtures, not just solutions.

Question 14

Which process defines how molecular compounds form ions upon dissolution?
A) ionization
B) composition
C) division
D) dissolution
E) decomposition

Accepted Answer

Ionization is the process of forming ions upon dissolution of a molecular compound. This occurs when the compound is dissolved in a polar solvent such as water, which can break apart the covalent bonds in the compound and separate the individual ions.

Question 15

What name is given to the major component in a solution?
A) Supersaturated
B) Solute
C) Saturated
D) Unsaturated
E) Solvent

Accepted Answer

The major component of a solution is called the solvent, which is the substance that dissolves another substance (the solute) to create a homogenous mixture.

Question 16

Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte? A) HCl B) NH₃ C) C₆H₁₂O₆(glucose) D) N₂ E) KCl

Accepted Answer

Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak electrolyte because it does not completely dissociate into ions in solution.

Question 17

Which of these compounds is a strong electrolyte? A) H₂O B) O₂ C) H₂SO₄ D) C₆H₁₂O₆(glucose) E) CH₃COOH (acetic acid)

Accepted Answer

A strong electrolyte is a compound that completely ionizes in water, meaning it dissociates into cations and anions. Option C, H₂SO₄, contains strong acid (H2SO4) and strong base (NaOH), which completely ionize in water. Therefore, it is a strong electrolyte. The other options either do not contain any ions or contain weak acids/bases, which do not completely ionize in water.

Question 18

Which one of the following substances is the strongest electrolyte? A) CO B) CH₃Cl C) CH₄ D) C₂H₅OH E) HCl

Accepted Answer

HCl is a strong acid, and when dissolved in water it completely dissociates into H+ and Cl- ions, making it a strong electrolyte. The other choices either do not dissociate completely or do not have ions present to conduct electricity, making them weaker electrolytes.

Question 19

What name is given to a minor component in a solution?
A) Solvent
B) Unsaturated
C) Saturated
D) Solute
E) Supersaturated

Accepted Answer

The minor component in a solution is called the solute.

Question 20

Which substance is present in the smallest proportion in a solution?
A) liquid
B) gas
C) solvent
D) solid
E) solute

Accepted Answer

The solute is present in the smallest proportion in a solution, as it is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent. The solvent is the substance that does the dissolving and is typically present in greater quantities than the solute. Therefore, the solute is present in the smallest proportion.

Quiz 13: Physical Properties of Solutions

Which is defined as the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature?

Which accurately characterizes all nonelectrolyte solutions?

Which process defines how an ionic compound breaks apart into its constituent ions upon dissolution?

Which substance is present in the largest proportion in a solution?

What is the name given to a solution that contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve?

Which of these compounds is a nonelectrolyte?

Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte?

Which of these compounds is a nonelectrolyte?

Which of these compounds is a strong electrolyte?

What is the name given to a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature?

The distinguishing characteristic of all nonelectrolyte solutions is that they

The distinguishing characteristic of all electrolyte solutions is that they

Which is the correct description of a solution?

Which process defines how molecular compounds form ions upon dissolution?

What name is given to the major component in a solution?

Which of these compounds is a weak electrolyte?

Which of these compounds is a strong electrolyte?

Which one of the following substances is the strongest electrolyte?

What name is given to a minor component in a solution?

Which substance is present in the smallest proportion in a solution?