Question 1

To work effectively with an individual with a high level of negative affectivity,
A)recognize that you can change someone's personality if you give feedback.
B)let them vent without limits.
C)ask them for specific examples of what the problem is.
D)challenge them; they are seldom right about anything on which they voice a complaint.

Accepted Answer

Asking the individual for specific examples of what the problem is can help to clarify the situation and potentially identify a solution. Allowing them to vent without limits may perpetuate their negative affectivity and not address the underlying issues. Challenging the individual and implying that they are always wrong may exacerbate the situation and damage the relationship. It is also not possible to change someone's personality through feedback. Asking the individual for specific examples of the problem can help to clarify the issue and potentially lead to finding solutions. It is important to validate their emotions and experiences, but allowing them to vent without limits may not be productive or helpful. Challenging the individual and implying that they are always wrong can further escalate negative affectivity. Recognizing that personality is relatively stable and difficult to change with feedback is also important.

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding the Big 5 personality traits is true?
A)Individuals high in extraversion are model employees.
B)Individuals high in openness seek feedback on what they are doing and thus adjust to their jobs more quickly.
C)Conscientiousness is related to how well employees get along with others.
D)Individuals high in neuroticism tend to be better performers.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true as individuals high in openness are more likely to seek feedback and adjust their behavior accordingly, which can help them adapt to their jobs more quickly. The other options are false. Individuals high in extraversion may not necessarily be model employees as they may also exhibit impulsiveness and risk-taking behavior. Conscientiousness is related to work ethic and reliability, not how well individuals get along with others. Individuals high in neuroticism may struggle with stress and anxiety, which can negatively impact their performance. Research has shown that individuals high in openness tend to seek feedback on what they are doing and adjust to their jobs more quickly than those low in openness. However, this statement is not true for the other traits listed.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true with regard to research on individual differences?
A)Teams dominated by positive affective people experience higher levels of absenteeism.
B)People with a low openness trait are more likely to start their own business.
C)Agreeable people are less likely to engage in change-oriented communication.
D)Social monitors are rated as lower in performance.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that agreeable individuals are less likely to engage in change-oriented communication, as they prioritize maintaining social harmony over challenging the status quo. The other options are not supported by current research. Research has shown that agreeable people are less likely to engage in change-oriented communication, as they tend to prioritize maintaining positive relationships over expressing dissenting opinions or ideas. The other statements do not have research support or are contradicted by existing literature.

Question 4

Self-esteem is
A)the belief that one can perform a specific task successfully.
B)the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about him or herself.
C)the degree to which people feel accountable for their own behaviors.
D)the inclination to change the status quo.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem refers to the overall evaluation or appraisal of oneself as positive or negative. It reflects a person's overall sense of self-worth, and encompasses beliefs about one's abilities, qualities, and values. It is not limited to a specific task or behavior (option A), nor is it equivalent to accountability for one's behavior (option C) or a desire to change the status quo (option D). Self-esteem refers to the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about him or herself. It includes a person's subjective evaluation of their worth and abilities. While self-efficacy (choice A) reflects the belief that one can perform a specific task successfully, it is just one component of self-esteem. Choices C and D describe other concepts unrelated to self-esteem.

Question 5

Negative affective people
A)see "the glass as half full."
B)experience anxiety.
C)are tolerant of others' opinions.
D)have lower rates of absenteeism.

Accepted Answer

Negative affective people tend to experience anxiety, worry, and other negative emotions more frequently and intensely than positive affective people. This can have negative impacts on their mental and physical health. Negative affective people experience anxiety, making this the best choice. Option A is incorrect because negative affective people see the glass as half empty, not half full. Option C is incorrect because negative affective people may have difficulty being tolerant due to their negative emotions. Option D is incorrect because negative affective people may have higher rates of absenteeism due to their negative emotions impacting their ability to function at work.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is accurate?
A)Self-efficacy is a global evaluation of one's self.
B)People with high self-efficacy tend to procrastinate.
C)Self-efficacy is negatively related to job performance.
D)Training people to increase their self-efficacy can be effective.

Accepted Answer

Training people to increase their self-efficacy can be effective. Self-efficacy refers to one's belief in their ability to perform a specific task or achieve a specific goal. It is positively related to job performance and academic achievement. Research has shown that training programs focused on increasing self-efficacy can be effective in improving performance and achieving goals. Therefore, option D is the accurate statement about self-efficacy. Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to perform a specific task or achieve a specific outcome. It is not a global evaluation of one's self (A). People with high self-efficacy tend to take action and persist in the face of challenges, rather than procrastinate (B). Self-efficacy is positively related to job performance (not negatively as in C). Research has shown that training people to increase their self-efficacy can be effective in improving their performance and success in various domains (D).

Question 7

All of the following statements regarding personality testing in employee selection are correct EXCEPT:
A)job interviewers are very adept at assessing conscientiousness in candidates, so the personality test is not really needed in employee selection.
B)there are mixed feelings as to whether candidates' faking responses on personality tests is a serious problem.
C)self-reporting measures of personality may not be the best way to measure personality.
D)personality is a better predictor of job satisfaction than job performance.

Accepted Answer

Job interviewers may not always accurately assess a candidate's conscientiousness or other personality traits, making personality tests a valuable tool in employee selection. Job interviewers may not always accurately assess conscientiousness in candidates, and personality tests can provide valuable information to supplement the interview process.

Question 8

Which of the following would be considered a sound piece of advice to help build your self-confidence?
A)Set challenging, not impossible goals.
B)Ignore negative advice, especially when it comes from a negative person.
C)Take a self-inventory.
D)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Setting challenging but achievable goals can give you a sense of accomplishment, which in turn builds self-confidence. Ignoring negative advice, especially from negative people who may be trying to bring you down, can help you stay focused on the positive and build your confidence. Taking a self-inventory can help you identify your strengths and weaknesses, and work towards improving them to feel more confident in yourself. Therefore, all of the above options are sound pieces of advice to help build self-confidence. Setting challenging goals for yourself is important because it allows you to feel a sense of accomplishment when you achieve them, which in turn boosts your confidence. Ignoring negative advice from negative people is helpful because it prevents those individuals from bringing you down and discouraging you. Taking a self-inventory involves analyzing your strengths and weaknesses, which can help you understand your abilities and build your confidence in your own skills. Therefore, all of the above would be considered sound pieces of advice to help build self-confidence.

Question 9

Marissa always seems to know who to talk to in her organization to get things done.When her immediate supervisor seemed less than enthusiastic about her proposal, she made sure to mention it to the manager in another department who shared it with his boss.Marissa was just approached about implementing her proposal.Marissa seems to have
A)low self-efficacy.
B)a proactive personality.
C)low self-esteem.
D)an internal locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Marissa's ability to navigate through her organization and find the right people to get things done shows proactive behavior. She takes initiative and seeks out opportunities to make things happen, which is indicative of a proactive personality. The other answer choices are not supported by the information given in the scenario. Marissa's ability to navigate the organization and find the right people to support her proposal demonstrates a proactive personality. Someone with a proactive personality takes initiative and anticipates problems, rather than waiting for them to happen. This is a valuable trait in the workplace and suggests that Marissa is likely to be successful in her career. None of the other answer choices accurately describes Marissa's behavior in this situation.

Question 10

Self-monitoring is
A)the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about himself.
B)the extent to which a person is capable of monitoring his/her actions and appearance in social situations.
C)the belief that one can perform a specific task successfully.
D)a person's inclination to fix what is perceived as wrong, change the status quo, and use initiative to solve problems.

Accepted Answer

Self-monitoring refers to the ability of a person to monitor their actions, appearance and social cues in order to fit in with a particular social situation. It is not related to overall positive feelings about oneself (option A), self-efficacy (option C), or proactivity (option D). Self-monitoring refers to the extent to which a person is capable of monitoring his/her actions and appearance in social situations. This includes the ability to adapt to different social situations by controlling one's behavior or appearance in response to social cues or expectations.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is accurate?
A)The original objective of the MBTI was to determine whether World War II veterans would successfully readjust to civilian life after the military.
B)The MBTI relies on types, not traits.
C)The MBTI is a very effective tool to use in making selection decisions.
D)The MBTI classifies people based on observing their behavior.

Accepted Answer

The MBTI is based on types, which are a combination of four preferences: extraversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feeling, and judging vs. perceiving. It is not based on individual traits or behaviors. The original objective of the MBTI was not specifically related to World War II veterans, and it is not considered a reliable tool for making selection decisions. The MBTI relies on types, not traits. The instrument assesses individuals' preferences and the ways in which they perceive and make judgments about the world. It is not meant to assess behavior or skills, nor is it recommended as the sole basis for making decisions about hiring, promoting, or other placement activities.

Question 12

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, what dimension describes those who would like to have clarity and closure?
A)thinking
B)feeling
C)intuition
D)judgment

Accepted Answer

The dimension that describes those who would like to have clarity and closure is judgment. This dimension measures how individuals prefer to live their outer lives, focusing on how they make decisions and organize their life. People who score high in the "judging" dimension like to have things decided, organized, and planned. They prefer to have closure on decisions and dislike open-ended situations. The dimension that describes the desire for clarity and closure is judgment. This dimension refers to how people prefer to deal with the outside world, and those who score high in judgment tend to be decisive and prefer structure and closure in their lives.

Question 13

Individuals with an internal locus of control
A)have an inclination to change the status quo.
B)believe that what happens to them is their own doing.
C)understand what the situation demands and act accordingly.
D)feel that things happen to them because of luck.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that what happens to them is their own doing, indicating a belief in their own personal agency and control over their own lives. Option A may be true for some individuals with an internal locus of control, but it is not a defining characteristic. Option C may be true for individuals with a proactive approach, but it is not necessarily linked to locus of control. Option D is inaccurate and actually describes individuals with an external locus of control. Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that what happens to them is their own doing. They feel that they have control over their lives and that their actions and decisions have a direct impact on their outcomes. This sense of control and responsibility often leads them to take action to change the status quo. They do not believe that things happen to them just because of luck or outside factors beyond their control.

Question 14

All of the following are accurate about those with a proactive personality EXCEPT:
A)they have higher levels of performance in their firms.
B)they adjust to new jobs quickly.
C)they may try to change things others are not willing to let go.
D)they often have

Accepted Answer

The statement "they often have" is incomplete and does not provide enough information to determine if it is accurate or not. Therefore, none of the answer choices can be eliminated as being inaccurate.

Question 15

Ned keeps saying to his coach, "I am really concerned that I won't be able to remember the plays when you put me in.Maybe you should play someone else." Ned seems to be demonstrating
A)low openness to experience.
B)low self-monitoring.
C)a proactive personality.
D)low self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

Ned's statement shows a lack of confidence in his ability to remember the plays, indicating low self-efficacy. Ned's concerns about his ability to remember the plays suggest that he lacks confidence in his own skills and abilities, which is indicative of low self-efficacy. Option A, low openness to experience, refers to a tendency to resist new experiences or ideas, which is not demonstrated by Ned's behavior. Option B, low self-monitoring, refers to a lack of awareness of how one is perceived by others and a tendency to behave the same way in different situations, which is not directly relevant to Ned's concern about remembering plays. Option C, proactive personality, refers to a disposition toward taking initiative, being persistent, and anticipating future needs and opportunities, which is not directly relevant to Ned's specific concern about remembering plays.

Question 16

John said, "If I just hadn't had that argument with my girlfriend last night, I wouldn't have been so upset and I would have done much better on my finance exam." John exhibits
A)high internal locus of control.
B)high self-esteem.
C)high self-monitoring.
D)high external locus of control.

Accepted Answer

John is attributing his poor performance on his finance exam to the external factor of his argument with his girlfriend. This suggests a belief in external locus of control, meaning that he believes that his outcomes are determined more by outside factors rather than his own actions or abilities. John is attributing the cause of his poor performance on his finance exam to an external factor, which is his argument with his girlfriend. This suggests a belief in external locus of control, meaning that he sees events outside of himself as controlling his outcomes.

Question 17

High social monitors
A)tend to be more successful in their careers.
B)tend to experience lower levels of stress.
C)are very accurate at conducting performance evaluations.
D)are more committed to their companies.

Accepted Answer

People with high social monitoring skills are better able to understand and navigate social situations, including those in the workplace. This can lead to better relationships with colleagues, clients, and superiors, which can ultimately contribute to career success. High social monitors tend to be more successful in their careers as they are adept at reading social situations and adjusting their behavior accordingly, making them effective leaders and team players. They are able to build strong relationships with coworkers and clients, which can lead to more opportunities and career advancement.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about positive and negative affectivity is correct?
A)Positive affective people see the "glass as half empty".
B)Negative affective people in power tend to find mutually agreeable solutions to problems.
C)Positive affective people experience nervousness.
D)When negative affective people comprise a team, there tends to be less cooperation among members.

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that when negative affective people comprise a team, there tends to be less cooperation among members. Option A is incorrect as positive affective people have a positive outlook on life, so they tend to see the "glass as half full." Option B is incorrect as research has found that negative affective people in power tend to use more aggressive, competitive tactics to solve problems. Option C is incorrect as nervousness is a common experience among people high in negative affectivity, not positive affectivity. Research suggests that when negative affective people work in teams, there is a lower level of cooperation among members. Option A is incorrect because positive affective people tend to see the "glass as half full". Option B is incorrect as research suggests that negative affective people in power tend to be more authoritarian and directive. Option C is incorrect because positive affective people do not experience nervousness at a higher rate than negative affective people.

Question 19

Which of the following is a dimension by which individuals are grouped in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?
A)seeing/hearing
B)organized/disorganized
C)extraversion/intraversion
D)emotional instability

Accepted Answer

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) groups individuals based on their preferences in four dimensions: extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. The dimension of seeing/hearing is not included in the MBTI, while organized/disorganized and emotional instability are not dimensions used in the MBTI. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) groups individuals by four dimensions, one of which is extraversion/intraversion. The other dimensions are sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. Seeing/hearing and emotional instability are not dimensions used in the MBTI. Organized/disorganized may be a trait but it is not used in the MBTI.

Question 20

In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, what dimension describes those who derive their energy from inside?
A)intuition
B)perception
C)introversion
D)judgment

Accepted Answer

The dimension that describes those who derive their energy from inside is Introversion (C). This dimension measures whether someone is more focused on their inner thoughts, feelings, and experiences, or whether they are more attuned to the external world and draw energy from it. The dimension that describes those who derive their energy from inside is introversion (I). This is in contrast to those who derive their energy from interacting with others, which is described by extraversion (E).

Quiz 3: Understanding People at Work: Individual Differences and Perception

To work effectively with an individual with a high level of negative affectivity,

Which of the following statements regarding the Big 5 personality traits is true?

Which of the following statements is true with regard to research on individual differences?

Self-esteem is

Negative affective people

Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is accurate?

All of the following statements regarding personality testing in employee selection are correct EXCEPT:

Which of the following would be considered a sound piece of advice to help build your self-confidence?

Self-monitoring is

Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is accurate?

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, what dimension describes those who would like to have clarity and closure?

Individuals with an internal locus of control

All of the following are accurate about those with a proactive personality EXCEPT:

Ned keeps saying to his coach, "I am really concerned that I won't be able to remember the plays when you put me in.Maybe you should play someone else." Ned seems to be demonstrating

John said, "If I just hadn't had that argument with my girlfriend last night, I wouldn't have been so upset and I would have done much better on my finance exam." John exhibits

High social monitors

Which of the following statements about positive and negative affectivity is correct?

Which of the following is a dimension by which individuals are grouped in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) ?

In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, what dimension describes those who derive their energy from inside?