Question 1

What might be the common factor among abused psychoactive drugs?

Accepted Answer

Abused psychoactive drugs all have the ability to activate the "pleasure pathways" of the brain, particularly the release of dopamine. This is a common factor among substances like cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine, which all have different mechanisms of action and effects on neurotransmitters.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the categories that includes the effects of cannabis?

Accepted Answer

The effects of cannabis include depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogen. Opioids are a separate category of drugs that include substances like heroin and fentanyl.

Question 3

Sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic drugs affect the brain by acting on one of the neurotransmitter systems.Which neurotransmitter system is it?

Accepted Answer

Sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic drugs act on the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) system, which is a neurotransmitter that inhibits neuronal activity in the brain. These drugs enhance the effect of GABA, leading to decreased brain activity, relaxation, and sedation. Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine systems are involved in other functions like mood regulation, reward systems, and arousal, respectively.

Question 4

Candace rarely drinks alcohol, but she became very intoxicated at the office party.That evening she was slurring her speech and did a striptease in front of her boss.Jason has had his driver's licence suspended three times over the past two years for driving while intoxicated, yet he never drinks on the job.Which of the following levels of involvement with alcohol would best apply to Candace and Jason?

Accepted Answer

Candace exhibited signs of substance intoxication, which is the acute effects of using a substance, in this case, alcohol. While Jason may not drink on the job, the fact that his driver's license has been suspended three times in the past two years for driving while under the influence of alcohol indicates a pattern of problematic alcohol use, which would be classified as substance use disorder.

Question 5

How effective are controlled drinking approaches to alcohol abuse?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How effective are controlled drinking approaches to...

Question 6

Approximately what percentage of Canadians who consume alcohol can be categorized as problem drinkers?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 9% of Canadians who consume alcohol can be categorized as problem drinkers, according to studies and health reports.

Question 7

How do both amphetamines and cocaine produce their desired effects?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines and cocaine produce their desired effects by directly stimulating the internal reward centre or pleasure pathway of the brain, primarily through increasing the levels of dopamine, a key neurotransmitter involved in reward and pleasure systems.

Question 8

What drug was implicated in the friendly fire death of four Canadian soldiers by two U.S.pilots in Afghanistan in 2002?

Accepted Answer

The drug implicated in the friendly fire death of four Canadian soldiers by two U.S. pilots in Afghanistan in 2002 was amphetamines. The pilots were reportedly using Dexedrine, a stimulant used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which was given to them by the U.S. military to help them stay alert during long missions. However, the drug has been known to cause paranoia, confusion, and impaired judgment, which may have contributed to the pilots mistaking the Canadian soldiers for enemy combatants.

Question 9

Jason uses mescaline repeatedly over several days.What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Repeated use of mescaline over a short period can lead to rapid tolerance, meaning the drug loses its effectiveness.

Question 10

How does the use of the testosterone-derived, anabolic-androgenic steroids differ from the use of other illicit drugs?

Accepted Answer

Steroids do not produce a "high" like many other illicit drugs; instead, they are used primarily for their effects on physical appearance and athletic performance.

Question 11

Where are the natural opioids, enkephalins, and endorphins found?

Accepted Answer

Natural opioids, enkephalins, and endorphins are found in the brain. They are produced and released in response to pain, stress, or intense exercise and are responsible for reducing pain and producing feelings of pleasure and well-being.

Question 12

Occasionally Jared acts on aggressive impulses by assaulting others or destroying property.Jared likely meets the criteria for which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Intermittent explosive disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of aggressive outbursts that are disproportionate to the situation or stressor. This fits the description of Jared's behavior, as he acts on aggressive impulses by assaulting others or destroying property. Kleptomania is a disorder characterized by recurrent stealing behavior, unrelated to anger or vengeance. Gambling disorder is characterized by persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior. Pyromania is characterized by the intentional and repeated setting of fires for pleasure, excitement, or gratification. None of these disorders fit the description of Jared's behavior as closely as intermittent explosive disorder.

Question 13

Which term refers to the study of how genes work to influence addiction?

Accepted Answer

Functional genomics is the study of how genes function and interact with each other in various biological processes, including addiction. This field can help identify specific genes or pathways involved in addiction, as well as potential targets for treatment or prevention. Psychopathology refers to the study of mental disorders or abnormal behavior, while molecular genetics focuses on the structure and function of genes at the molecular level. Genetic variation refers to the diversity of genes within a population, which can influence susceptibility to certain traits or diseases.

Question 14

Which the following is NOT a symptom of withdrawal from alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Hypersomnia, or excessive sleepiness, is not typically a symptom of alcohol withdrawal. Common symptoms of alcohol withdrawal include delirium tremens, hallucinations, nausea and/or vomiting, tremors, anxiety, and seizures.

Question 15

At low doses, barbiturates relax the muscles and can produce feelings of well-being.However, large doses can have results similar to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Large doses of barbiturates can produce effects similar to heavy drinking, including sedation, impaired coordination and judgment, and slurred speech. It can also lead to respiratory depression, coma, and even death. It does not produce effects similar to opiates, stimulants, or hallucinogens.

Question 16

What were amphetamines originally used to treat?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines were originally used to treat asthma and as a nasal decongestant due to their ability to dilate bronchial passages and reduce inflammation in the nasal passages. However, they were later found to have stimulant effects on the central nervous system and were subsequently used for other purposes such as treating narcolepsy, ADHD, and obesity.

Question 17

Carol has been addicted to narcotics for many years.Recently, she has been trying to quit and has not used any drugs for the last week.As part of her withdrawal from narcotics, which of the following is Carol unlikely to experience?

Accepted Answer

Increase in blood pressure is not a common symptom of withdrawal from narcotics. However, fever and chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and aches and pains are common symptoms.

Question 18

Alan Marlatt, the creator of the relapse prevention treatment model, believed that relapse occurs because of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

According to Alan Marlatt, relapse occurs due to a failure of cognitive and behavioral coping skills. In his relapse prevention treatment model, the focus is on helping individuals develop and strengthen coping skills to prevent relapse.

Question 19

What was the Temperance Movement?

Accepted Answer

The Temperance Movement was a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages, advocating for moderation or complete abstinence.

Question 20

What is the purpose of abstinence in a harm reduction approach to substance abuse?

Accepted Answer

In a harm reduction approach, abstinence is not always the final goal. Instead, the focus is on reducing the negative consequences of substance use and promoting overall health and well-being. While abstinence may be a desirable outcome, it is not the only measure of success. Instead, harm reduction strategies aim to reduce the risk of harm associated with substance use, such as overdose or transmission of infectious diseases. This approach recognizes that complete abstinence from drugs or alcohol may not be achievable or desirable for everyone, and that reducing the harm associated with drug use is a more realistic and achievable goal for many individuals.

Quiz 12: Personality Disorders