Question 1

What did Arnett define as the increasing connections between different parts of the world in trade, travel, migration and communication?

Accepted Answer

Arnett defined the concept of increasing connections between different parts of the world in trade, travel, migration, and communication as globalisation.

Question 2

____ includes an individual's educational level, income level and occupational status.

Accepted Answer

The factors listed in the question are all components of an individual's socio-economic status, which is best represented by choice D. Nationality and ethnicity are important aspects of identity and culture, but they don't necessarily determine one's socio-economic status. Choice C, sociohistorical index, is not a commonly used term in sociology and is not directly related to the factors listed in the question.

Question 3

Within any given country, which of the following sets most of the norms and standards, and holds most of the positions of political, economic, intellectual and media power?

Accepted Answer

Majority culture typically holds the most power and influence in a society, as they make up the largest group and therefore have the most access to political, economic, and media power. Minority cultures, ethnic populaces, and subcultural groups may have their own norms and standards, but they often do not hold as much institutional power or influence.

Question 4

Also referred to as a person's social class, his or her ____ includes their level of education, income and occupational status.

Accepted Answer

Socio-economic status refers to a person's social class, which includes their level of education, income, and occupational status. It is a measure of a person's economic and social position in relation to others in society. Ethnicity and culture are important factors in understanding a person's identity, but do not necessarily reflect their socio-economic status. Sociohistorical index is not a commonly used term in the field of social sciences.

Question 5

In Australia, a physician spends 12 years in university and training, generally has a high income and possesses a strong occupational status. In terms of socio-economic status, a physician would most likely be _____.

Accepted Answer

A physician in Australia requires 12 years of education and training, which is a significant investment in time, effort, and money. Typically, physicians receive a high income and have a strong occupational status, placing them at the top of the socio-economic ladder. Therefore, a physician would most likely be considered high SES.

Question 6

The expectations that cultures have for males and females are different from the time they are born. The degree of the difference depends on _____.

Accepted Answer

The expectations for males and females vary across cultures, and therefore culture is the determining factor. Age, gender, and socio-economic status may also influence expectations, but they are secondary factors compared to culture.

Question 7

What general values do developing countries tend to regard highly?

Accepted Answer

Developing countries tend to place a high value on collectivism, which emphasizes the importance of the group over the individual. This is often reflected in cultural norms that prioritize family, community, and social relationships.

Question 8

What term is used to refer to people in the rural areas of developing countries, who tend to adhere more closely to the historical aspects of their culture than do people in urban areas?

Accepted Answer

The term typically used to refer to people in rural areas of developing countries who adhere more closely to traditional cultural practices is "traditional cultures." While "agrarian cultures" refers to societies that rely heavily on agriculture as their main means of subsistence, this term does not necessarily imply a stronger adherence to traditional culture. "Conventional cultures" is a more general term that does not capture the specific rural/urban divide described in the question. "Rural cultures" is also a more general term that does not necessarily connote a stronger adherence to traditional culture.

Question 9

Who sets most of the norms and standards and holds most of the positions of political, economic, intellectual and media power in most countries?

Accepted Answer

Majority culture is the social group that holds most of the power and influence in society. This group typically sets the norms and standards, and holds positions of political, economic, intellectual, and media power. In most countries, this majority culture is made up of the dominant ethnic or racial group.

Question 10

Who attends colleges, universities and other forms of post-secondary education in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

In developing countries, attending colleges, universities, and other forms of post-secondary education is often limited to the wealthy elite. The majority of the population cannot afford the high fees associated with post-secondary education.

Question 11

Many African countries were constructed by European colonial powers in what century?

Accepted Answer

Most African countries were constructed by European colonial powers in the 19th century during the European Scramble for Africa, which took place between 1881 and 1914.

Question 12

What term describes a variety of aspects of different groups that include cultural origin, cultural traditions, race, religion and language?

Accepted Answer

Ethnicity is the term that describes a variety of aspects of different groups that include cultural origin, cultural traditions, race, religion, and language. Gender refers to the social and cultural differences between males and females, race refers to physical characteristics that are inherited, and age refers to the number of years a person has been alive.

Question 13

Individuals from collectivist cultures would be most likely to value

Accepted Answer

Individuals from collectivist cultures prioritize relationships and group harmony, which includes the importance of maintaining strong family ties. Therefore, they are more likely to value getting along with their family members. Choices A and B, which focus on individualism and independence, would be more valued in individualistic cultures. Choice D, receiving praise for individual academic achievement, could be valued in both individualistic and collectivist cultures, but it is not as closely tied to collectivist cultural values.

Question 14

LaWanda has a high school diploma and is currently working as a waitress but is attending school in hopes of becoming a paediatrician. Her current socio-economic status is likely ____; however, when she becomes an established paediatrician, her socio-economic status will be ____.

Accepted Answer

LaWanda's current socio-economic status as a waitress with a high school diploma is likely low. However, when she becomes an established paediatrician, her socio-economic status will be high.

Question 15

In Australia, infant mortality in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is almost _______ the rate of non-Indigenous Australians.

Accepted Answer

The infant mortality rate among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia is almost twice that of non-Indigenous Australians, reflecting significant health disparities.

Question 16

What per cent of children in developing countries are enrolled in secondary education?

Accepted Answer

According to UNESCO, as of 2018, approximately 50% of children in developing countries are enrolled in secondary education.

Question 17

The expectations cultures have for males and females are different from the time they ____. However, the degree of the differences ____.

Accepted Answer

The expectations cultures have for males and females vary greatly among cultures from the time they are born. Different cultures have different gender roles and expectations for what it means to be a male or female. This can include differences in education, career opportunities, behavior, and social roles.

Question 18

What term is often used to refer to a person's social class, which includes educational level, income level and occupational status?

Accepted Answer

Socio-economic status (SES) is the most commonly used term to refer to a person's social class, which reflects their educational level, income level, and occupational status. Tax bracket status refers only to a person's income level, while education status only reflects their level of education. Social class status is more vague and less frequently used in academic and professional contexts.

Question 19

Globalisation is ____.

Accepted Answer

Globalisation refers to the increasing connections and interdependence between different parts of the world in areas such as trade, travel, migration, and communication.

Question 20

What general values do developed countries tend to regard highly?

Accepted Answer

Developed countries tend to regard individualistic values highly, such as personal freedom, self-expression, and achievement. They prioritize the interests and needs of the individual over those of the group or community.

Quiz 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development