Question 1

In terms of sleep, most parents of neonates from developed countries ____.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that parents of neonates from developed countries are more likely to experience sleep deprivation due to the frequent night-time awakenings of their infants. Option A is not supported by any evidence. Option C is a personal preference and may not be applicable to all parents. Option D is not a common practice in developed countries.

Question 2

Low-birth-weight babies in either developed or developing countries are most likely to be born to parents who have the ____.

Accepted Answer

Parents with fewer resources, such as access to healthcare, adequate nutrition, and education, are more likely to give birth to low-birth-weight babies both in developed and developing countries.

Question 3

Compared to adults, infants spend ____ in REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

Infants spend more time in REM sleep than adults. In fact, up to 50% of an infant's sleep is spent in REM, whereas adults typically spend only 20-25% of their sleep in REM.

Question 4

Unlike later in life, a neonate's sleep-wake patterns are governed by ____.

Accepted Answer

Neonates' sleep-wake patterns are primarily governed by hunger, as their need to feed frequently throughout the day and night dictates their sleep cycles, rather than external environmental cues or their activity levels.

Question 5

____ is the reflex that helps the neonates find the nipple before they have learned how to feed from their mother's breast.

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex helps neonates locate the nipple by turning their head towards stroking or touching on their cheek or mouth, which helps them initiate feeding. The Babkin reflex occurs when pressure is applied to both palms of the hands, causing the infant's mouth to open and their eyes to close. The suckling reflex is the coordinated sucking and swallowing of breastmilk or formula, which is essential for neonatal nutrition. The Moro reflex is the startle reflex, which occurs when a neonate hears a sudden loud noise or experiences a sudden jolt, causing them to throw their limbs and head outward briefly before bringing them back towards their body.

Question 6

What is defined as automatic responses to certain kinds of stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Reflexes are automatic responses to certain kinds of stimulation. Classic conditioning is a type of learning where a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response, eventually leading the neutral stimulus to produce the same response. Voluntary behavior involves a conscious decision to act or perform a particular action. The Apgar score is a rating system used to evaluate the health of newborns immediately after birth. Therefore, reflexes are the best choice for automatic responses to certain kinds of stimulation.

Question 7

What purpose do researchers believe is served by neonates' extended periods of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Researchers believe that the extended periods of REM sleep in neonates serve the purpose of stimulating their brain development. During this stage of sleep, the brain is active and processing information, which may be important for the development of neural pathways and cognitive abilities.

Question 8

Adults spend about ____ of their time sleeping in REM, whereas infants spent about ____ of their time sleeping in REM.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adults spend about ____ of their time...

Question 9

Whereas adults typically spend about 20% of their time in REM sleep, what percentage of time do neonates spend in REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Neonates spend about 50% of their sleep time in REM sleep, which is significantly higher than the percentage of REM sleep typically observed in adults.

Question 10

Which of the following appears to have no apparent purpose for the infants?

Accepted Answer

The Babkin and Babinski reflexes do not appear to have any clear purpose or function for infants. The other reflexes listed (dive and gag, Moro and rooting, deep tendon and suckling) all serve important functions related to survival and/or feeding.

Question 11

When neonates fall asleep, they almost always enter ____ instantly.

Accepted Answer

Neonates enter into REM sleep instantly when they fall asleep. This is because neonates require a higher proportion of REM sleep for brain development and to aid in consolidation of memories.

Question 12

You are watching your infant sleep and suddenly notice that her eyes sway back and forth from side to side beneath her eyelids. At first you are frightened, but then remember that this phenomenon was described in your textbook and is a normal stage of sleep. Which of the following stages of sleep is your infant in?

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described indicates that the infant is in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and vivid dreaming. This is a normal stage of sleep and is essential for healthy brain development in infants. Hypersleep and ESP are not actual stages of sleep, and fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a type of brain imaging technology, not a stage of sleep.

Question 13

One way that neonates' sleep is distinctive is that they spend a high proportion of their sleep in ____.

Accepted Answer

Neonates spend a high proportion of their sleep in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which is characterized by irregular breathing, eye movements, and vivid dreams. REM sleep is thought to be important for brain development and learning in infants.

Question 14

While writing a research paper, you propose that infants need a greater amount of sleep than adults because sleep stimulates brain development. Which of the following supports your stance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of While writing a research paper, you propose...

Question 15

Infants are born with 27 automatic responses that occur from being stimulated in certain ways. These automatic responses are known as ____.

Accepted Answer

The 27 automatic responses that infants are born with are known as reflexes, which occur from being stimulated in certain ways. These reflexes are not learned or conscious behaviors, but rather innate and automatic responses. Option A is incorrect because innate learning refers to the acquisition of knowledge that is not a result of direct experience or formal teaching. Option B is incorrect because conscious behaviors are deliberate actions that require awareness and intention. Option D is incorrect because superficial reactions are not a commonly used term in developmental psychology.

Question 16

What helps the neonates find the breast because it causes them to turn their heads and open their mouths when touched on the cheek or side of the mouth?

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex helps neonates find the breast because it causes them to turn their heads and open their mouths when touched on the cheek or side of the mouth. The Moro reflex is a startle reflex, the nursing reflex does not exist, and the grasping reflex causes the neonate to grasp an object placed in their palm.

Question 17

How many average hours a day do neonates sleep?

Accepted Answer

Neonates, or newborns, typically sleep around 16-17 hours a day, although this can vary slightly among individuals.

Question 18

Your friends are worried because their newborn sleeps 16 or 17 hours a day. What would you tell them?

Accepted Answer

It is normal for neonates to sleep about 16-17 hours a day. It is a crucial period for growth and development, and sleep is essential for this process. There is no need to worry unless the newborn shows signs of lethargy or difficulty waking up for feeds.

Question 19

When caught off guard by the crash of thunder, 2-month-old Diane arches her back, flails her arms outward and then quickly brings them together in an embrace. Which of the following reflexes did the loud crash of thunder trigger?

Accepted Answer

The described response of arching the back, flailing arms, and then bringing them together in an embrace is characteristic of the Moro reflex, which is triggered by sudden changes in stimuli such as loud noises or sudden movements. The other reflexes listed are not associated with this type of response.

Question 20

The Babinski reflex is when ____.

Accepted Answer

The Babinski reflex is when an infant's foot is stroked on the sole and the toes fan out and the foot twists inward. Option A describes the knee-jerk reflex, option C describes the blink reflex, and option D describes the tracking reflex.

Quiz 3: Birth and the Newborn Child