Question 1

Which factor plays the largest role in how long a person lives?
A) genetics
B) lifestyle choices
C) desire for fulfillment
D) intelligence

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle choices, including diet, physical activity, and habits like smoking or alcohol consumption, have a significant impact on longevity and overall health, often more so than genetic factors.

Question 2

When telomeres shorten past a critical length cause the cell to stop dividing all together, leading to increases in ______.
A) health
B) muscle strength
C) body fat
D) disease

Accepted Answer

When telomeres shorten past a critical length, it leads to cell senescence, apoptosis (cell death) or genomic instability, which can increase the risk of various diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disease, and others. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 3

A description of hearing loss in middle adulthood is that it ______.
A) is primarily related to biological decline and cannot be prevented
B) is first limited to low-pitched sounds
C) tends to be more apparent in settings with background noise
D) stays limited to high-pitched frequencies

Accepted Answer

Hearing loss in middle adulthood tends to be more apparent in settings with background noise. This is due to the difficulty of distinguishing speech from background noise as the ability to hear consonants declines.

Question 4

What forms when oxygen corrodes a cell and strips off an electron?
A) free radicals
B) antioxidants
C) telomeres
D) aging biomarker

Accepted Answer

When oxygen corrodes a cell and strips off an electron, it creates free radicals.

Question 5

Ben's grandfather died at the age of 85. Ben's father died at the age of 84. Based on genetics, it is most likely that Ben will ______.
A) live longer than his father and grandfather because of evolutionary changes
B) die sooner than his grandfather or father because his father failed to live longer than his grandfather
C) die at about the same age as either his father or grandfather
D) live to an unpredicted age due to environmental factors his father and grandfather had little to do with

Accepted Answer

Based on genetics, the most likely outcome is that Ben will live to about the same age as his father and grandfather. While environmental factors can play a role in lifespan, genetic factors are also important. Given that both his grandfather and father lived into their 80s, it is likely that Ben has inherited genes that predispose him to a similar lifespan. The fact that his father did not live longer than his grandfather does not necessarily indicate anything about Ben's lifespan.

Question 6

Which factor is associated with both free radicals and the shortening of telomeres?
A) stress
B) diets low in fat
C) excessive exercise
D) genetics

Accepted Answer

Both free radicals and stress can cause damage to telomeres, leading to their shortening. Free radicals are molecules that damage cells through a process called oxidation, and stress can increase the production of free radicals in the body. Both of these factors contribute to telomere shortening, which is associated with aging and age-related diseases. Diets low in fat and excessive exercise may have other health effects, but they are not specifically associated with free radicals or telomere shortening. Genetics may play a role in telomere length, but it is not directly associated with free radicals.

Question 7

Middle adulthood is defined as the ages ______.
A) 35-45
B) 45-55
C) 40-65
D) 50-75

Accepted Answer

Middle adulthood is defined as the ages between 40 and 65. This period is characterized by stability and consolidation in career and personal life. It is also a time when physical changes begin to occur, such as a gradual decline in physical abilities and menopause in women.

Question 8

Michelle is trying to clasp her necklace. She cannot seem to focus and cannot see to hook the clasp. She has to ask her daughter to fasten the necklace. What is Michelle experiencing?
A) presbycusis
B) presbyopia
C) nearsightedness
D) colorblindness

Accepted Answer

Michelle is experiencing difficulty seeing close up, which is a common symptom of presbyopia, or age-related farsightedness. Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss, nearsightedness would make it difficult to see things far away, and colorblindness would not affect her ability to clasp a necklace.

Question 9

Women tend to experience age-related skin changes sooner and more quickly than men because women ______.
A) are more likely to spend time outdoors in the sun
B) are exposed to more toxic chemicals
C) have a thinner dermis and a reduction of estrogen
D) are genetically preprogrammed to do so

Accepted Answer

Women have a thinner dermis compared to men due to the reduced production of collagen and elastin, which are the essential proteins responsible for skin thickness and elasticity. Furthermore, the aging process in women is associated with a decrease in hormone production, including estrogen, which can exacerbate the effects of aging on the skin.

Question 10

Which condition is age-related?
A) increased ability to see in dim light
B) decreased color discrimination
C) decreased farsightedness
D) increased night vision

Accepted Answer

Decreased color discrimination is a common age-related change in vision, while the other options describe changes that are not typically associated with aging.

Question 11

Loss of fat in the hypodermis results in ______.
A) higher rates of osteoporosis
B) greater metabolic function
C) wrinkling and loosening of the skin
D) decrease in muscle strength and size

Accepted Answer

The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous layer, is the layer of connective tissue and fat that is located beneath the dermis of the skin. The fat in the hypodermis serves as a cushion and insulation for the body. Loss of fat in this layer can lead to wrinkling and loosening of the skin.

Question 12

Protection against damage from free radicals is provided by a diet rich in ______.
A) fiber
B) beta carotene
C) niacin
D) low fat

Accepted Answer

Beta carotene is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. It is commonly found in colorful fruits and vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach. Fiber, niacin, and low fat do not have the same antioxidant properties as beta carotene.

Question 13

What is cause of age-related hearing loss?
A) a misfiring due to a breakdown in myelin between neurons in the brain from the ear to the temporal lobe
B) natural cell death that results in the deterioration of the ear structures that convert sound into neural impulses
C) a decline in intermodal perception that is required to connect what is seen with what is heard
D) greater sensitivity to speech sounds that results in less activation of the auditory cortex

Accepted Answer

Age-related hearing loss, also known as presbycusis, is mainly caused by natural cell death which leads to the deterioration of the ear structures that convert sound into neural impulses.

Question 14

Men are more susceptible to presbycusis because they ______.
A) tend to be exposed to intense noise and loud work environments
B) have a genetically different physiological auditory system than women
C) prefer to sit quietly with their thoughts
D) fail to engage in selective attention easily

Accepted Answer

Men are often more exposed to intense noise and loud work environments, which can contribute to the development of presbycusis, a type of hearing loss that occurs with aging.

Question 15

Roslyn is very concerned about looking older. She is constantly looking at her face and watching for wrinkles. Where will she see them appear first?
A) on her forehead
B) around her eyes
C) on her neck
D) around her mouth

Accepted Answer

The answer of Roslyn is very concerned about looking older....

Question 16

Corinne is 53 and concerned about the effects aging is having on her body. Which factor should she be able to maintain throughout her adulthood without special exercises?
A) overall endurance
B) bone density
C) muscle mass
D) isometric strength

Accepted Answer

Isometric strength, which involves muscle contractions without movement, tends to remain stable or decline less significantly with age compared to overall endurance, bone density, and muscle mass, which typically require specific exercises or interventions to maintain as one ages.

Question 17

Which activity requires isometric strength?
A) yoga
B) running
C) cycling
D) swimming

Accepted Answer

Isometric strength is the ability to hold a static position or resist against a force without movement. As many yoga poses (such as plank, chair pose, and warrior) involve holding a posture without movement, yoga is the best choice for requiring isometric strength. Running, cycling, and swimming require more dynamic, repetitive movements, and therefore use more isotonic strength.

Question 18

In which age range does the rate of decline in muscle mass and strength tend to accelerate?
A) 30s
B) 40s
C) 50s
D) 60s

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which age range does the rate...

Question 19

Which layer consists of connective tissue that gives skin its flexibility?
A) subcutaneous
B) epidermis
C) dermis
D) muscular

Accepted Answer

The dermis is the layer that consists of connective tissue such as collagen and elastin fibers that give skin its flexibility. The subcutaneous layer is mostly fat and the epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. The muscular layer is not a layer of the skin but rather a layer of muscles beneath the skin.

Question 20

Farsightedness or the inability to focus the lens on close objects is called ______.
A) presbyopia
B) glaucoma
C) presbycusis
D) retinopathy

Accepted Answer

Farsightedness is a common age-related condition, and it is often referred to as presbyopia, which is the inability to focus the lens on close objects. Glaucoma is a condition in which the optic nerve is damaged, resulting in loss of vision. Presbycusis is a type of hearing loss that occurs with age. Retinopathy is a disease of the retina, which is caused by damage to the blood vessels.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Which factor plays the largest role in how long a person lives?

When telomeres shorten past a critical length cause the cell to stop dividing all together, leading to increases in ______.

A description of hearing loss in middle adulthood is that it ______.

What forms when oxygen corrodes a cell and strips off an electron?

Ben's grandfather died at the age of 85. Ben's father died at the age of 84. Based on genetics, it is most likely that Ben will ______.

Which factor is associated with both free radicals and the shortening of telomeres?

Middle adulthood is defined as the ages ______.

Michelle is trying to clasp her necklace. She cannot seem to focus and cannot see to hook the clasp. She has to ask her daughter to fasten the necklace. What is Michelle experiencing?

Women tend to experience age-related skin changes sooner and more quickly than men because women ______.

Which condition is age-related?

Loss of fat in the hypodermis results in ______.

Protection against damage from free radicals is provided by a diet rich in ______.

What is cause of age-related hearing loss?

Men are more susceptible to presbycusis because they ______.

Roslyn is very concerned about looking older. She is constantly looking at her face and watching for wrinkles. Where will she see them appear first?

Corinne is 53 and concerned about the effects aging is having on her body. Which factor should she be able to maintain throughout her adulthood without special exercises?

Which activity requires isometric strength?

In which age range does the rate of decline in muscle mass and strength tend to accelerate?

Which layer consists of connective tissue that gives skin its flexibility?

Farsightedness or the inability to focus the lens on close objects is called ______.