Question 1

Many individuals began to see the growth of federal prison populations as a problem in the 1990s. What were they a part of first, though they would later form groups to protest the policies that imprisoned so many?

Accepted Answer

The individuals were a part of the incipient stage of a social movement, which is the first stage where people begin to recognize an issue and form a collective identity around it. This would later lead to the formation of groups and organizations to protest the policies that result in a high number of federal prison populations. A and B are incorrect options because the individuals were not simply following a fad or experiencing cultural lag, but actively forming a movement. D is incorrect because the bureaucratized stage occurs after the movement has gained significant momentum and established formal organizations and leaders, which was not yet the case for the movement against federal prison populations in the 1990s.

Question 2

A major achievement of social movements geared toward increasing employment equality for minorities and women has been the widespread adoption of equal employment officers in many large organizations. When they achieved this stage, the social movements could be said to have

Accepted Answer

The widespread adoption of equal employment officers in organizations as a result of social movements aimed at increasing employment equality signifies a stage of bureaucratization. This is when the movement's goals start to be institutionalized within formal structures, such as corporate policies or governmental regulations.

Question 3

A social movement's long-term development can sometimes look a lot like

Accepted Answer

The answer of A social movement's long-term development can sometimes...

Question 4

________ was the historical event that convinced American scholars that not all social movements can be explained in terms of simply satisfying the psychological needs of their members.

Accepted Answer

The civil rights movement demonstrated that social movements could be driven by broader societal goals and values, such as justice and equality, rather than just the psychological needs of individuals.

Question 5

What are you asserting if you theorize that poor people join groups dedicated to keeping toxic waste dumps out of low-income communities because they want to enjoy the same standard of living and quality of life as the rest of society?

Accepted Answer

This assertion aligns with the relative deprivation theory, which suggests that individuals or groups who perceive a gap between their own situation and the situation of those who have more will be motivated to take action in order to achieve more parity. In this scenario, the poor people who may be negatively impacted by toxic waste dumps in their communities are taking action in order to attain a higher standard of living and quality of life, which they perceive to be lacking relative to other communities.

Question 6

According to relative deprivation theory, people join social movements because

Accepted Answer

According to relative deprivation theory, people join social movements as a rational response to perceived inequality or oppression. They feel that they are being deprived of something important that they should have, and joining a social movement is a way to collectively address this unfairness. This theory suggests that social movements are not just about filling psychological needs or networking, but about seeking to create social change.

Question 7

The Shriners are a fraternity based on the Masonic principles of brotherly love, relief, and truth. They have roughly 375,000 members and 191 temples in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The Shriners support Shriners Hospitals for Children, which is a system of twenty-two hospitals dedicated to improving the lives of children by providing specialty pediatric care. What prohibits the Shriners from being a social movement?

Accepted Answer

Social movements are characterized by seeking to alter the status quo and advocating for social change. However, the Shriners are not engaged in any kind of activism or social change efforts. Instead, they primarily focus on charitable work through their support of Shriners Hospitals for Children. Thus, their lack of a goal to alter the status quo makes them ineligible to be considered a social movement.

Question 8

Activists are engaging in ________ when they begin to amass the things they need to sustain their movement, including volunteers, money, and office space.

Accepted Answer

Resource mobilization refers to the process of acquiring and organizing resources such as volunteers, funds, and office space to sustain a movement. Bureaucratization refers to the formalization of a movement's structure, rules, and procedures, while individual behavior and coalescence do not directly relate to the process of resource mobilization.

Question 9

MoveOn.org was one of the first groups to successfully organize a large number of people around issues like partisan bickering and the power of corporate lobbies in Washington. This was, in large part, because it used innovative technology to locate, recruit, and organize supporters. This is exactly what ________ theory would predict.

Accepted Answer

Resource mobilization theory emphasizes the importance of resources such as money, skills, and organizational structures in successful social movements. MoveOn.org's success can be attributed to its effective use of technology to mobilize resources and supporters.

Question 10

According to Armand Mauss, what happens in the "incipient" stage of a social movement?

Accepted Answer

In the incipient stage of a social movement, the public just begins to take notice of an issue and define it as a problem. This is the very beginning stage before members of the movement organize and select leaders. The movement has not yet gained much momentum or visible support.

Question 11

According to Armand Mauss, what happens in the second stage of a social movement's development?

Accepted Answer

In the second stage of a social movement's development, according to Armand Mauss, like-minded individuals organize to form a more structured group to pursue their goals.

Question 12

Sociologists who focus on how practical constraints and opportunities can help or hinder a social movement are using

Accepted Answer

Resource mobilization theory examines the ways in which social movements use resources, such as money, media attention, and institutional support, to achieve their goals. This theory considers how practical constraints and opportunities, such as the availability of resources or the political climate, can impact the success or failure of a social movement.

Question 13

We would call a group that is organizing to change cultural "codes" related to substance addiction

Accepted Answer

A social movement is a group of individuals or organizations that have come together to bring about social, cultural, or political change. In this case, the group is organizing to change cultural "codes" related to substance addiction, which fits the definition of a social movement. The other choices (crowd, riot, protest) imply more spontaneous or immediate reactions, rather than organized efforts to bring about long-term change.

Question 14

When African Americans joined protest movements because it was harder for them to vote than it was for white Americans, they were acting out of ________.

Accepted Answer

Relative deprivation refers to the feeling of being deprived compared to others in one's social sphere. In this case, African Americans felt deprived because they were being denied the fundamental right to vote, which was easier for white Americans to access. This deprivation motivated them to become involved in protest movements.

Question 15

For many years, there have been efforts to organize teaching assistants on college campuses and form a union. These efforts often fail because of practical reasons, such as limited numbers of volunteers, the fact that leaders graduate and leave, and organizers' limited money for supplies. What theory is MOST associated with these reasons?

Accepted Answer

The theory of resource mobilization suggests that successful social movements require resources such as money, volunteers, and leadership. In the case of organizing teaching assistants, practical constraints such as limited numbers of volunteers and funding can impede the formation of a union. Additionally, the turnover of leaders as a result of graduation could also hinder the movement's progress. Therefore, the reasons given are most associated with the theory of resource mobilization.

Question 16

The "decline" phase of social movements is interesting because

Accepted Answer

During the decline phase of social movements, it is possible for the movement to change and continue in a new form. It may lose momentum or membership, but it does not necessarily mean that the movement has completely perished.

Question 17

People who believe the government is not doing enough about climate change have become fed up and are starting to organize, which means they are starting to

Accepted Answer

The keyword "starting to organize" suggests that these individuals are coming together and forming a cohesive group, or coalescing, in order to address their shared concern about climate change. Option A is incorrect because there is no evidence to suggest that the group has already achieved their goals. Option B is also incorrect because the passage does not mention anything about this group becoming part of the mainstream. Option C is incorrect because the passage clearly states that these individuals believe that the government is not doing enough about climate change, which implies that they define it as a problem.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding social movements reaching the "bureaucratization" stage?

Accepted Answer

Bureaucratization refers to the process by which a social movement becomes institutionalized and its objectives become part of the mainstream political agenda. This typically happens after a movement has achieved some level of success or influence, and its leaders begin to work within the existing political system to achieve their goals. The American colonists transitioned from being revolutionaries to forming the official government.

Question 19

Sometimes the motivations for large protests organized by college activists are criticized. Highly organized and attended protests in Washington, D.C. are seen as "spring break" for activists who take part more for an escape and a sense of belonging than for anything else. What theory would support this critique?

Accepted Answer

Mass society theory argues that large social movements are comprised of individuals who feel isolated and disconnected from society. These individuals may seek out movements as a means of finding a sense of belonging and identity, rather than a genuine desire for social change. Therefore, this theory would support the critique that some college activists participate in large protests more for the sense of community and an escape from their daily lives than for the cause itself.

Question 20

African Americans gained the legal right to exercise their right to vote

Accepted Answer

The answer of African Americans gained the legal right to...

Quiz 16: Social Change