Question 1

Which of the following is a concept in China that the state, through the state-owned enterprises, would meet all of the workers' needs, including food, schooling for children, healthcare, and even recreation and holiday facilities for workers?

Accepted Answer

The concept in China that the state, through state-owned enterprises, would meet all of the workers' needs, including food, schooling for children, healthcare, and even recreation and holiday facilities for workers, is known as the "Iron Rice Bowl."

Question 2

List the main elements of the equity theory and explain at least one.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

In individualistic cultures:

Accepted Answer

In individualistic cultures, individuals are often motivated by personal achievements and rewards, such as monetary compensation. Therefore, outcomes are typically focused on monetary rewards rather than social activities or job security.

Question 4

Benevolents:

Accepted Answer

Benevolents are individuals who are more accepting of unequal compensation and are less concerned with equity in terms of rewards. They are more focused on the work itself rather than the compensation.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about equity theory is false?

Accepted Answer

Equity theory is often criticized for being calculative and material-achievement focused, as it focuses primarily on individuals' perceived inputs and outcomes in terms of tangible rewards like pay and benefits.

Question 6

Which is the most obvious way to improve performance-to-outcome expectancies?

Accepted Answer

Accurately measuring employee performance helps in setting clear expectations and aligning performance with outcomes, thus improving performance-to-outcome expectancies.

Question 7

List the intrinsic and extrinsic motivators in Herzberg's formulation.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

_____ asserts that inequality is all right if employees have fair access to resources and opportunity in the firm so that any inequality is the result of effort.

Accepted Answer

Distributive justice is the idea that fairness in a workplace means that rewards and resources should be distributed based on the individual's effort and contribution. It recognizes that unequal outcomes may be acceptable if they are the result of fair competition and effort rather than discrimination or arbitrary decision-making.

Question 9

Which of the following states that people who knew they were getting paid more than the going market rate would work harder to try to justify that additional pay?

Accepted Answer

The efficiency-wage hypothesis suggests that paying workers more than the market rate can lead to increased productivity as employees feel motivated to work harder to justify their higher wages.

Question 10

How does the expectancy theory predict work effort and motivation in different cultures?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

How does the ERG theory explain how cultures with different values may be motivated by different needs?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

What is the limitation of goal setting?

Accepted Answer

The limitation of goal setting is that the theory cannot be applied to every performance dimension of every task. While goal setting has been shown to be effective in improving performance in many situations, it may not be the optimal approach for every type of task or every individual employee. Other management strategies may need to be employed, depending on the specific circumstances.

Question 13

Which theory explains how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution and exchange of resources?

Accepted Answer

Equity theory proposes that individuals develop perceptions of fairness through comparisons of their input-output ratio (effort and contributions) to that of others in the distribution and exchange of resources.

Question 14

Explain the need for affiliation or "nAff."

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Write an explanatory note on the needs theory.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

What are the limitations of goal setting?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

In collectivist cultures, especially those with higher risk avoidance:

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures with higher risk avoidance, employees may place a high value on being taken care of by the company, as it is seen as an obligation of the group to look out for its members. This is in contrast to individualistic cultures, where employees may be more motivated by personal achievement and monetary rewards. The statement about valuing group activities cannot be generalized and may vary depending on the specific culture.

Quiz 7: Motivation