Question 1

Nonprobability sampling methods are often used ______.

Accepted Answer

Nonprobability sampling methods are often used when a small sample allows a more intensive portrait activities and actors in a population. Nonprobability sampling is particularly useful when the population being studied is difficult to access, when the cost of obtaining a probabilistic sample is prohibitive, or when the study's purpose is exploratory and aims to generate hypotheses for further research. Nonprobability sampling is not suitable for making generalizations about the larger population.

Question 2

In their classic book Crimes of the Middle Class, Weisburd, Wheeler, Waring, and Bode (1991) examined a sample of white-collar criminal offenders convicted in seven federal judicial districts, using ______ sampling.

Accepted Answer

Weisburd, Wheeler, Waring, and Bode used purposive sampling in their study on white-collar criminal offenders, selecting specific cases that met their criteria for examination rather than using random or representative sampling methods.

Question 3

______ generalizability refers to the ability to generalize from a sample of a larger population to that population itself.

Accepted Answer

Sample generalizability refers to the extent to which findings from a sample can be generalized or applied to the larger population from which the sample was drawn.

Question 4

The target population consists of a set of elements ______.

Accepted Answer

The target population should be larger than or different from the population that was sampled, as the goal of research is to generalize findings to a larger group beyond the sample.

Question 5

In some circumstances, researchers can bypass the issue of generalizability by conducting a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A census involves collecting data from every member of the population, thus eliminating concerns about whether the sample is representative and bypassing the issue of generalizability.

Question 6

______ sampling may involve studying an entire population or some subset of a population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ sampling may involve studying an entire...

Question 7

Sampling is unnecessary if ______.

Accepted Answer

Sampling is unnecessary if all the units in the population are identical, as there is no need to select a portion of the population to represent the whole.

Question 8

In ______ sampling, elements are selected because they are easy to find.

Accepted Answer

Availability sampling, also known as convenience sampling, involves selecting elements that are readily available and easy to find. While this method is not the most random or representative, it can be useful in certain situations where a specific group may be difficult to access or identify.

Question 9

A subset of the larger set of individuals or other entities in which we are interested is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A sample is a subset of the larger population or group of interest that is selected for study or analysis. The sample is chosen in order to make inferences about the larger population.

Question 10

In the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS), adult U.S. residents were selected through a ______ sampling method.

Accepted Answer

The NISVS used a random digit dialing sampling method to select adult U.S. residents. This method involves generating a random list of phone numbers and dialing them to reach potential participants. This type of sampling helps to reduce biases that may occur from selecting participants using other methods, such as convenience sampling.

Question 11

The set of individuals or other entities to which we want to be able to generalize our findings is the ______.

Accepted Answer

The population is the set of individuals or other entities to which we want to be able to generalize our findings. A sample is a subset of the population that is selected for study. A subset is a smaller part of a larger set. The sampling frame is a list or other representation of the population from which a sample is drawn.

Question 12

Sampling methods in which the probability of selection of population elements is unknown are known as ______ sampling methods.

Accepted Answer

Nonprobability sampling methods do not use a random selection process, and the probability of selection of population elements is unknown, making it less representative of the population. Therefore, nonprobability sampling methods are generally considered less favorable than probability sampling methods.

Question 13

______ sampling is intended to overcome the likelihood that the sample will just consist of who or what is available.

Accepted Answer

Quota sampling is designed to ensure that the sample represents certain characteristics of the population, thereby reducing the risk of bias that can occur in accidental or convenience sampling, where participants are selected based on their availability.

Question 14

In disproportionate stratified sampling, the proportion of each stratum is ______ what is in the population.

Accepted Answer

In disproportionate stratified sampling, the proportion of each stratum is intentionally varied from what is in the population to meet specific research needs or to ensure sufficient representation of key subgroups.

Question 15

A major hazard in survey research may occur because individuals who ______.

Accepted Answer

Individuals who do not respond to a survey are likely to differ systematically from those who take the time to participate. This creates a major hazard in survey research as the non-response bias can affect the representativeness of the sample and the generalizability of the findings to the population.

Question 16

A situation where the sequence of elements varies in some regular, periodic pattern is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided matches the concept of periodicity, where elements repeat in a regular pattern. The other options do not match the definition given. Stratification involves dividing a population into similar subgroups before sampling, replacement and cluster sampling are sampling methods.

Question 17

Cluster sampling can be useful when ______.

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling is particularly useful when a sampling frame is not available, as it allows researchers to divide the population into clusters and then randomly select clusters for sampling.

Question 18

Sampling methods that let us know in advance how likely it is that an element of a population will be selected for the sample are ______ sampling methods.

Accepted Answer

Probability sampling methods use randomization and allow us to calculate the probability of each element in the population being selected for the sample. This helps to ensure that the sample is representative of the population and reduces the risk of bias. Nonprobability sampling methods do not use randomization and do not allow us to calculate the probability of each element being selected, which can lead to bias and less representative samples. Systematic bias refers to a type of bias that occurs when there is a flaw in the sampling method itself, while stratified sampling is a type of probability sampling method that involves dividing the population into subgroups and then selecting a random sample from each subgroup.

Question 19

Dr. Jones is researching perception of student safety at East High School. She will obtain the sample directly from the entire population of students at the school based on a list obtained from the registrar's office. This list, from which the elements of the population are selected, is termed the ______.

Accepted Answer

The list obtained from the registrar's office, from which the elements of the population are selected, is termed the sampling frame. This is the list of all the students in the population that can be used as a reference when selecting the sample. It is important to use a comprehensive sampling frame to ensure that all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected for the sample.

Question 20

Sampling error can generally be defined as the ______.

Accepted Answer

Sampling error refers to the difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of the population from which it was selected. It is a measure of the accuracy of a sample to represent the population it is drawn from.

Quiz 5: Sampling