Question 1

Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm.
1)ovary
2)ovule
3)egg
4)carpel
5)embryo sac

Accepted Answer

The correct order from largest to smallest is: carpel (4), ovary (1), ovule (2), embryo sac (5), egg (3). The carpel is the largest structure, encompassing the ovary, which in turn contains ovules. Each ovule houses an embryo sac, and within the embryo sac is the egg.

Question 2

Given the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms in the development of the integument(s), which of these statements is the most logical consequence?

Accepted Answer

The seed coats of angiosperms should be relatively thicker than those of gymnosperms because the integuments of angiosperms develop into the seed coat, while the integuments of gymnosperms develop into the cone scales.

Question 3

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the integument of a pine seed?

Accepted Answer

The integument of a pine seed is produced by the female sporophyte. The integument is a part of the ovule, which develops into the seed coat after fertilization. In gymnosperms like pines, the ovule and hence the integument are structures produced by the sporophyte generation.

Question 4

Among plants known as legumes (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover, etc.)the seeds are contained in a fruit that is itself called a legume, better known as a pod. Upon opening such pods, it is commonly observed that some ovules have become mature seeds, whereas other ovules have not. Thus, which of the following statements is (are)true?
1)The flowers that gave rise to such pods were not pollinated.
2)Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods.
3)There was apparently not enough endosperm to distribute to all of the ovules in such pods.
4)The ovules that failed to develop into seeds were derived from sterile floral parts.
5)Fruit can develop, even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.

Accepted Answer

Option 1 is not necessarily true because fruit can develop despite the lack of fertilization in some ovules. Option 2 is true since the failure of some ovules to mature indicates that they were not fertilized by pollen tubes. Option 3 is not correct because the ovules need not be fertilized to develop into seeds, and insufficient endosperm can lead to poorly developed or small seeds. Option 4 is not correct because the sterile floral parts do not produce ovules. Option 5 is true, as fruit development can occur even if some ovules did not fertilize to produce viable seeds.

Question 5

Which of the following are structures of angiosperm gametophytes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are structures of...

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of monocots?

Accepted Answer

Monocots, along with eudicots, magnoliids, and basal angiosperms, are classified within the phylum Anthophyta, which encompasses all flowering plants. This reflects the current understanding of plant taxonomy and phylogeny.

Question 7

Carpels and stamens are

Accepted Answer

Carpels and stamens are modified sporophylls, which are modified leaves that bear sporangia (structures that produce spores). In the case of carpels, they have evolved from leaves that were once sythesized with the axial portion of the stem to surround and protect the ovules, and ultimately form the fruit. Similarly, stamens evolved from modified leaves that were in close proximity to spore forming structures on the plant.

Question 8

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the pollen tube?

Accepted Answer

The male gametophyte produces the pollen tube, which carries the male gametes (sperm cells) to the female gametophyte for fertilization to occur.

Question 9

What adaptations should one expect of the seed coats of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by frugivorous (fruit-eating)animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means?
1)The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks.
2)The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animal's mouth.
3)The seed coat should be able to withstand low pH's.
4)The seed coat, upon its complete digestion, should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals.
5)The seed coat should be resistant to the animals' digestive enzymes.

Accepted Answer

For seeds dispersed by frugivorous animals, the seed coat adaptations are primarily aimed at surviving the digestive process to ensure successful dispersal. This includes being able to withstand the low pH of the animal's stomach (3) and being resistant to the digestive enzymes (5), ensuring that the seed can pass through the digestive system without being digested itself.

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

Double internal fertilization is a characteristic unique to angiosperms, where one sperm fertilizes the egg to form the zygote while the other sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei to form the endosperm. The other choices are not characteristic of all angiosperms.

Question 11

Which of the following is true concerning flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

The flower is part of the sporophyte generation, which includes all tissues not involved in sexual reproduction, and is derived from the diploid zygote.

Question 12

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules?

Accepted Answer

The megasporangium of pine ovules is produced by the female sporophyte (the maternal tissue).

Question 13

Which of the following is a true statement about angiosperm carpels?

Accepted Answer

Carpels are structures in angiosperms that surround and nourish the female gametophyte, which contains the egg cells. They are part of the sporophyte generation, not the gametophyte. Carpels consist of a stigma, style, and ovary, and they do not produce male gametes or contain anther or stamen structures. They also do not consist of modified microsporangia.

Question 14

Angiosperm double fertilization is so-called because it features the formation of

Accepted Answer

During angiosperm double fertilization, one sperm cell fertilizes the egg and forms the embryo, while the other sperm cell fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the endosperm. Therefore, there is only one embryo, but two distinct fertilization events occurring simultaneously.

Question 15

The seeds of orchids are among the smallest known, with virtually no endosperm and with miniscule seed leaves. Consequently, what should one expect to be true of such seeds?

Accepted Answer

Orchid seeds lack endosperm and have minimal stored nutrients, so they need to germinate quickly to establish a symbiotic relationship with fungi for nutrition.

Question 16

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the fruit?

Accepted Answer

The female sporophyte directly produces the fruit as it develops from the fertilized ovule after fertilization, forming the seed and surrounding fruit tissue.

Question 17

How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

Fruits are structures that develop from the ovary of a flower and contain seeds. The responsibility of fruits is to spread the seeds of plants. Thus, by facilitating the dispersal of seeds, fruits have greatly contributed to the success of angiosperms.

Question 18

What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales?

Accepted Answer

Stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales are considered modified leaves, each adapted for specific functions in the plant's reproductive process. Stamens and carpels are the male and female reproductive parts of flowers, respectively, while sepals and petals protect the reproductive organs and attract pollinators. Pinecone scales, though not part of flowers, serve a similar protective and reproductive function in conifers.

Question 19

The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

The generative cell in male angiosperms undergoes mitosis to produce two haploid sperm cells, maintaining the haploid number of chromosomes.

Question 20

Reptilian embryos are protected from desiccation by a leathery shell. Similarly, which pair of structures protects seed plants' embryos and male gametophytes, respectively, from desiccation?

Accepted Answer

Integuments protect seed plants' embryos by surrounding the ovule, where the embryo develops, providing a barrier against desiccation. Sporopollenin is a major component of the outer walls of pollen grains, protecting male gametophytes from drying out and harsh environmental conditions.

Quiz 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm. 1) ovary 2) ovule 3) egg 4) carpel 5) embryo sac

Given the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms in the development of the integument(s) , which of these statements is the most logical consequence?