Question 1

Each of the 10 children born to Ernest and Elvira Orangeburg has been born with red hair. Each child is also very intelligent and athletic. The Orangeburg's are expecting an 11th child who is also likely to be born with the same traits according to ________ as evidenced in the ________.
A) nurture; nature versus nurture controversy
B) nature; nature versus nurture controvers.
C) environmental factors; conception theor.
D) teratogens; Conception Theory
E) learning; classical conditioning theory

Accepted Answer

The traits of red hair, intelligence, and athleticism are determined by genetics, making it an example of nature rather than nurture. Therefore, the best answer is B, as the situation is a clear example of the nature versus nurture controversy.

Question 2

Tameeka is at a point in her pregnancy during which the major organs and structures of her baby are first developing. Which period of prenatal development is Tameeka currently experiencing?
A) feta.
B) embryoni.
C) placental
D) germinal
E) zygotic

Accepted Answer

Tameeka is currently experiencing the embryonic period of prenatal development, which is the stage when the major organs and structures of the baby are first developing. The germinal period is the first two weeks after conception, the zygotic period is another name for the germinal period, the placental period involves the development of the placenta, and the fetal period occurs after the embryonic period and involves growth and refinement of existing structures.

Question 3

Javier was born 3 days ago. His parents have noticed that he has several reflexes, which the doctors have been testing. Which of the following is NOT a reflex exhibited by healthy newborns?
A) grasping reflex
B) rooting refle.
C) walking refle.
D) stepping reflex
E) postural reflex

Accepted Answer

The walking reflex is not exhibited by healthy newborns, as it requires more developed leg muscles and coordination. Infants typically begin to show this reflex around 9 months old, when they are starting to learn how to walk.

Question 4

What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised an experimental method called the Strange Situation?
A) the nature of gestural communication between mothers and babies
B) aspects of purposeful exploration as the baby investigates a strange environment
C) parental discipline styles in the first year of lif.
D) the nature of attachment between caretakers and babie.
E) the relationship between preschool enrollment and academic achievement

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth was trying to determine the nature of attachment between caretakers and babies through the Strange Situation experimental method, which involved observing the reactions of infants to separation and reunion with their caregivers in a strange environment.

Question 5

Jane displayed no distress toward her mother when she left nor any happiness when she returned. This is best explained by which form of attachment?
A) anxious-secur.
B) ambivalent
C) secure
D) avoidan.
E) anxious-ambivalent

Accepted Answer

This is best explained by the avoidant form of attachment, where the infant seems detached and indifferent towards the mother.

Question 6

Marisa is at a point in her pregnancy when the zygote is moving down to her uterus. Which period of prenatal development is Marisa currently experiencing?
A) fetal
B) embryoni.
C) placental
D) germina.
E) vitriolic

Accepted Answer

The germination period, also known as the germinal stage, is the very beginning of prenatal development, starting from conception until the zygote implants itself into the uterine wall. This is the stage Marisa is experiencing as the zygote is moving down to her uterus.

Question 7

If a child is exposed to the "Strange Situation," then he or she
A) should receive immediate medical attention.
B) will view novel and eccentric stimuli.
C) will be in a room with other children who are unfamiliar.
D) will be left with a stranger or alone in an unfamiliar situation.
E) be asked to rate the size of various line lengths

Accepted Answer

The "Strange Situation" is a procedure commonly used to assess attachment in young children. It involves the child being left with a stranger or alone in an unfamiliar situation and observing their behavioural responses. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer. The other choices do not accurately describe the "Strange Situation" procedure.

Question 8

Smith believes people who are very aggressive have become so because of their life experiences. Dr. Goldberg believes people are more or less aggressive from birth because of genetic factors. Which of the following terms best describes an issue in human development that is highlighted by their disagreement?
A) nature versus nurtur.
B) cognition versus emotio.
C) classical versus operant conditioning
D) cross-sectional studies versus longitudinal studies
E) continuity versus discontinuity

Accepted Answer

Smith and Dr. Goldberg's disagreement highlights the issue of nature versus nurture, which explores how much of people's behavior and development is influenced by genetic factors (nature) versus environmental factors and life experiences (nurture).

Question 9

Sally has been smoking cigarettes for 10 years. She is now pregnant. Her doctor explained that maternal smoking carries a greater risk of
A) FA.
B) FAE
C) ADHD
D) SID.
E) SADS

Accepted Answer

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is strongly associated with an increased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Question 10

With regard to the nature-nurture controversy, most researchers
A) feel that nature is clearly more important.
B) feel that nurture is clearly more important.
C) are more interested in the interaction of nature and nurture.
D) believe that changes are gradual over time.
E) accept that development occurs in stages.

Accepted Answer

Most researchers today believe that both nature and nurture play important roles in development, and are more interested in understanding how these factors interact and influence one another. This perspective is known as the interactionist view.

Question 11

A psychologist spends her entire career studying how and why changes occur in people throughout their lives. This psychologist is most likely working in the field of
A) abnormal psychology.
B) gerontology.
C) developmental psychology.
D) maturational studies.
E) geriatrics.

Accepted Answer

The description of the psychologist's career path involves the study of changes in people throughout their lives, indicating a focus on development. Therefore, the psychologist is likely working in the field of developmental psychology.

Question 12

Juan and Carlos are identical twins. Juan was raised by his father and mother, and Carlos was accidentally placed with another family after a mix-up at the hospital. At the age of 15, both boys "ran into each other" at a football game and noticed how they appeared to be mirror images of each other. After proving they were twins by genetic testing, the families discussed some of the differences between the boys. Juan is very athletic and intelligent and excels in basketball but does not take school seriously and has F's in all subjects. Carlos is also athletic and intelligent and excels in baseball and makes straight A's as a result of his strict home life and study routine. Although they are identical twins, what do you think accounts for the differences in their academic performance based on the research?
A) nurtur.
B) natur.
C) school district superintendent
D) teacher appraisals of performance
E) continuity

Accepted Answer

The differences in Juan and Carlos' academic performance are likely due to nurture, or the environment in which they were raised. While they are genetically identical, Carlos had the advantage of a strict home life and study routine that helped him excel in academics, while Juan did not prioritize his studies.

Question 13

________ is the idea that we form attachments to those who provide reassurance through physical touch, as opposed to feeding us.
A) Proximity
B) Generativity
C) Contact comfor.
D) Imprintin.
E) Identity

Accepted Answer

Contact comfort is the idea that physical touch and comfort, rather than just being fed, is important in forming attachments. Proximity refers to physical closeness, generativity refers to the desire to give back and contribute to society, imprinting refers to the critical period during which certain animals form strong bonds with the first moving object they see, and identity refers to an individual's self-concept and sense of who they are.

Question 14

The nature-nurture controversy is primarily concerned with
A) the use of a chronological versus a longitudinal approach.
B) the difference between developmental and chronological age.
C) the relative importance of heredity and environment.
D) the extent to which development is continuous or discontinuous.
E) whether to study similarities or differences between people.

Accepted Answer

The nature-nurture controversy is concerned with the relative importance of heredity (nature) versus environment (nurture) in influencing human development and behavior.

Question 15

Which of the following describes the embryonic period?
A) the period during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the linin.
B) the period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develo.
C) the period during which the umbilical cord develops
D) the period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional
E) the period during which the endometrium is shed from the lining of the uterus and is evacuated out the vagina

Accepted Answer

The embryonic period is the first 8 weeks of prenatal development, during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop.

Question 16

Three-month-old Brianna would be expected to have the lowest skin temperature when she is
A) left in a room with her mother.
B) left alone with a stranger.
C) completely alone.
D) in a room with her mother and a stranger.
E) None of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three-month-old Brianna would be expected to have...

Question 17

A key research interest in developmental psychology is to
A) trace the evolution of the human race.
B) identify the biochemical processes involved in thought.
C) determine how organisms change over time.
D) predict adult behavior.
E) study the effects of genetic mutations on behavior.

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology focuses on how organisms change over time, particularly through their lifespan, including physical, cognitive, and social development.

Question 18

The emotional attachment of a human infant for its caregiver
A) starts just after birth.
B) depends on signals generated by the infant.
C) may carry over into and determine adult behavior.
D) may involve more than the caregiver providing food to the infant.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

All of these answers are correct. The emotional attachment of a human infant for its caregiver starts just after birth and depends on signals generated by the infant. It may carry over into and determine adult behavior, and may involve more than the caregiver providing food to the infant. Infants become attached to caregivers who are consistently responsive and sensitive to their needs, providing a secure base from which they can explore and interact with the world.

Question 19

Greta's child has hyperactivity and attention difficulties and suffers from intellectual disability. If these defects can be traced to a teratogen used by Greta when she was pregnant, which was she most likely abusing?
A) nicotin.
B) cocaine
C) marijuana
D) alcoho.
E) caffeine

Accepted Answer

Alcohol use during pregnancy has been linked to a range of developmental disabilities, including hyperactivity, attention difficulties, and intellectual disability. Nicotine, cocaine, and marijuana have also been associated with negative outcomes during pregnancy, but alcohol is known to be particularly harmful to fetal development. Caffeine consumption in moderation is generally considered safe during pregnancy.

Question 20

Which of the following situations is an example of synchronicity?
A) Karen and her son, P.J., are on the floor playing with rattles.
B) Sherral laughs when she sees her daughter, Zoe, laugh.
C) Patti is upset because her son, Danny, won't stop sucking his thumb.
D) Rob punishes his son, Michael, for pulling the dog's tail.
E) Chris is teaching his son, Cameron, to hit a golf ball.

Accepted Answer

Synchronicity refers to two events that are connected in a meaningful way but do not have a causal relationship. In this case, Sherral's laughter and Zoe's laughter are connected in a meaningful way, as they are both experiencing joy and happiness in the moment.

Quiz 7: Development Over the Lifespan

Each of the 10 children born to Ernest and Elvira Orangeburg has been born with red hair. Each child is also very intelligent and athletic. The Orangeburg's are expecting an 11th child who is also likely to be born with the same traits according to as evidenced in the .

Tameeka is at a point in her pregnancy during which the major organs and structures of her baby are first developing. Which period of prenatal development is Tameeka currently experiencing?

Javier was born 3 days ago. His parents have noticed that he has several reflexes, which the doctors have been testing. Which of the following is NOT a reflex exhibited by healthy newborns?

What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised an experimental method called the Strange Situation?

Jane displayed no distress toward her mother when she left nor any happiness when she returned. This is best explained by which form of attachment?

Marisa is at a point in her pregnancy when the zygote is moving down to her uterus. Which period of prenatal development is Marisa currently experiencing?

If a child is exposed to the "Strange Situation," then he or she

Sally has been smoking cigarettes for 10 years. She is now pregnant. Her doctor explained that maternal smoking carries a greater risk of

With regard to the nature-nurture controversy, most researchers

A psychologist spends her entire career studying how and why changes occur in people throughout their lives. This psychologist is most likely working in the field of

________ is the idea that we form attachments to those who provide reassurance through physical touch, as opposed to feeding us.

The nature-nurture controversy is primarily concerned with

Which of the following describes the embryonic period?

Three-month-old Brianna would be expected to have the lowest skin temperature when she is

A key research interest in developmental psychology is to

The emotional attachment of a human infant for its caregiver

Greta's child has hyperactivity and attention difficulties and suffers from intellectual disability. If these defects can be traced to a teratogen used by Greta when she was pregnant, which was she most likely abusing?

Which of the following situations is an example of synchronicity?