Question 1

According to the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, integrity tests claim to measure individual's attitude toward ______.

Accepted Answer

The Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology defines integrity tests as measuring an individual's attitude toward honesty, dependability, trustworthiness, reliability, and prosocial behavior. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. Options A and D are incorrect because integrity tests do not specifically measure an individual's attitude toward answering test questions correctly or ethical principles prescribed for psychologists. Option B is incorrect because while academic honesty, trustworthiness, and plagiarism potential may be related constructs to integrity, they are not the specific focus of integrity tests.

Question 2

According to your textbook, activists who believe that intelligence is determined primarily by environment have worked for years to ______ what they consider to be the unfair use of such tests.

Accepted Answer

Activists who believe that intelligence is determined primarily by environment would want to eliminate what they consider to be the unfair use of intelligence tests, rather than enhance or encourage their use. Protest could also be a possible choice, but it is not as definitive or specific as eliminate in addressing the activists' goals.

Question 3

Human resource professionals and industrial organizational psychologists use psychological tests in ______.

Accepted Answer

Human resource professionals and industrial organizational psychologists use psychological tests in organizations to assess job applicants, evaluate employees, identify training needs, and track overall organizational progress. These tests can measure various aspects of a person's personality, abilities, and job-related skills.

Question 4

What type of test do critics believe are discriminating against minorities?

Accepted Answer

Aptitude tests are often criticized for discriminating against minorities because they may not reflect cultural differences or may be based on educational backgrounds that are not equally available to all groups. Personality tests and interest inventories are less likely to be criticized for discrimination. Driving tests may be criticized if they are administered in a way that unfairly targets certain groups, but as a general rule, they are not considered discriminatory.

Question 5

What was one reason the Educational Testing Service gave for the decline in SAT scores of graduating high school seniors during the 1960s and 1970s?

Accepted Answer

The Educational Testing Service gave weaker academic records and increased diversity of student backgrounds as one reason for the decline in SAT scores during the 1960s and 1970s.

Question 6

A minority test taker who scored the same as a White test taker could rank higher than the White test taker when which approach to norming are used?

Accepted Answer

Within-group norming adjusts test scores based on a specific group's performance, such as minority test takers, and can result in higher rankings for those test takers compared to White test takers who received the same score. This approach attempts to address the potential bias of tests that may favor certain groups or cultural backgrounds. Individual norming refers to adjusting scores for a single test taker based on their own performance history. Independent norming compares test takers to a larger population and does not adjust for specific groups. Discriminatory norming intentionally creates bias in favor of a certain group, which is unethical and unacceptable.

Question 7

Which one of the following test required test takers to follow directions and perform a series of ballet movements that were confusing and distracting?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following test required...

Question 8

Many psychologists were outraged about using race norming, claiming the process was ______.

Accepted Answer

Race norming was criticized as an illegal "quota system" that unfairly discriminated against Whites, as it adjusted scores based on race, which many saw as unfair and discriminatory.

Question 9

When Alan received his score on an interest inventory, he used the test result to finalize his decision to become a chef. What type of decision did Alan make?

Accepted Answer

Alan used the results of his interest inventory to make a decision about his future career path. This decision was based on his own personal preferences and goals, rather than any external factors or influences. Therefore, it can be classified as an individual decision.

Question 10

The State Board of Education where Joy went to college decided to give every graduate student in a science program with a combined GRE score more than 1,400 a $5,000 education grant. What type of decision was this?

Accepted Answer

This decision is absolute because it applies a specific, non-comparative criterion (GRE score over 1,400) and is made by an institution (State Board of Education), thus making it an absolute institutional decision.

Question 11

Which one of the following statements about why many individuals oppose integrity tests is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Integrity tests are opposed for reasons such as concerns about reliability, validity, privacy invasion, and potential adverse impact on minority applicants, but the notion of them being politically and culturally incorrect is not a commonly cited reason for opposition.

Question 12

During World War I, the American Military gave Robert Yerkes permission to administer mental tests to more than 1.75 million army recruits. As a result, Yerkes designed ______.

Accepted Answer

Robert Yerkes designed the Army Alpha and Beta tests as a result of being given permission to administer mental tests to army recruits during World War I.

Question 13

What law, intended to bring about equality in hiring, transfers, promotions, compensation, access to training, and employment-related decisions, did the U.S. Congress pass in 1964?

Accepted Answer

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. It established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to investigate and prosecute violations of the law, and it applies to employers with 15 or more employees. This law was intended to make sure that all individuals have equal opportunities in the workplace.

Question 14

In which one of the following settings would psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, and other health-care professionals use psychological tests?

Accepted Answer

Psychological tests are primarily used in clinical settings, where health-care professionals such as psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, and others assess and diagnose mental health conditions. Testing can help clinicians develop treatment plans and monitor progress. Psychological tests are not typically used in educational or organizational settings, although some informational settings, such as research studies, may use tests to measure specific psychological variables.

Question 15

Why is psychological testing important?

Accepted Answer

Psychological testing is important because people often rely on the results to make important decisions, such as for academic placement or employment. The results can also provide insight into a person's strengths, weaknesses, and personality traits that they may not have been aware of before. However, it is important to note that the accuracy and reliability of psychological tests can vary, and they should be interpreted by trained professionals.

Question 16

What practice is being used if a test user administers the same test to every test taker but scores the test differently according to the race of the test taker?

Accepted Answer

Within-group norming involves scoring tests by comparing an individual's performance to that of a specific group, often defined by race or ethnicity, rather than to all test takers. This practice can lead to different standards being applied to test takers based on their group membership.

Question 17

When Sally applied to law school, the admittance committee accepted her because her LSAT scores were higher than 99% of those who also applied to law school. What type of a decision did the committee make?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Sally applied to law school, the...

Question 18

In which one of the following settings would a psychologist use the results of a test to identify developmental problems for which a child might need special assistance?

Accepted Answer

A psychologist would use test results to identify developmental problems for which a child might need special assistance in an educational setting, such as a school. This is because schools often have resources and programs available for children with learning or developmental needs, and psychologists can work with educators to develop individualized plans for students who require special assistance.

Question 19

According to your textbook, one of the largest and most deeply rooted controversies about psychological testing pertains to ______.

Accepted Answer

The controversy surrounding psychological testing and discrimination against protected classes, such as race, gender, and age, has been a significant and enduring issue. This controversy centers on the potential for testing to unfairly impact or discriminate against individuals belonging to these protected classes.

Question 20

Walter Lippmann questioned whether intelligence tests actually measured "intelligence" and whether intelligence was determined by heredity or through life experiences--a question that came to be known as the ______.

Accepted Answer

The question raised by Walter Lippmann regarding whether intelligence was determined by heredity or life experiences is commonly known as the nature versus nurture controversy. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B, quid pro quo debate, is not relevant to this question. Option C, IQ controversy, is too broad and does not specifically address Lippmann's question. Option D, creationism question, is also not relevant to the question of intelligence testing.

Quiz 2: Why Is Psychological Testing Important