Question 1

If 47¬year¬old Matt can recite the preamble to the U.S. constitution which he memorized by listening to a song he heard on a video in his history class. What type of memory is Matt using for this task?
A) sensory memory
B) episodic memory
C) semantic memory
D) remote memory

Accepted Answer

The answer of If 47¬year¬old Matt can recite the preamble...

Question 2

Implicit memory is also referred to as
A) declarative memory.
B) procedural memory.
C) intentional memory.
D) subjective memory.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory is also referred to as procedural memory, as it involves the recall of motor skills, habits, and other unconscious forms of learning. Declarative memory, on the other hand, involves explicit recall of facts and events, while intentional memory refers to memories that are deliberately encoded and retrieved. Subjective memory is not a common term in psychology and does not correspond to the concept of implicit memory.

Question 3

According to your textbook, which of the following is considered a "powerful" cue for early autobiographical memories?
A) the sound of a voice
B) an image
C) an odor
D) a touch on the arm

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, odors (smells) are considered a powerful cue for early autobiographical memories. This is because the olfactory system is closely connected to the brain areas responsible for processing memories and emotions.

Question 4

What variable affects whether age differences will be obtained on divided attention tasks?
A) task complexity
B) speed of responding
C) spatial cueing
D) presentation modality

Accepted Answer

The complexity of the divided attention task directly affects the likelihood of obtaining age differences. As tasks become more complex, older adults are more likely to experience declines in performance compared to younger adults. The other variables listed may also have some impact on divided attention tasks, but task complexity has the strongest and most consistent effect on age differences.

Question 5

Improvements in your memory as the result of being previously exposed to the information without actively trying to remember it is known as
A) implicit memory.
B) recognition memory.
C) remote memory.
D) explicit memory.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory is also known as non-declarative memory, which refers to the unconscious and unintentional memories such as skills and habits. Improvements in memory without actively trying to remember are examples of implicit memory. Recognition memory, remote memory, and explicit memory all involve conscious and intentional remembering.

Question 6

Michael is trying to remember his friend's new cell phone number. He repeats it in his mind until he gets the new number entered into his phone's contact list. Michael is using his
A) sensory memory.
B) working memory.
C) secondary memory.
D) remote memory.

Accepted Answer

Michael is using his working memory to temporarily hold and process the new phone number until he can add it to his phone's contact list. Sensory memory refers to the immediate, brief registration of sensory information in the nervous system, while secondary memory (also known as long-term memory) refers to the storage and retrieval of information over a longer period of time. Remote memory refers to the recall of information from the distant past.

Question 7

The brief and almost identical representation of the stimuli that exists in the observable environment is known as
A) sensory memory.
B) working memory.
C) primary memory.
D) experiential memory.

Accepted Answer

The brief and almost identical representation of the stimuli that exists in the observable environment is known as sensory memory. This memory store holds sensory information for a very short amount of time, typically a few seconds or less, before it fades away or is transferred to working memory.

Question 8

Claiming that one had performed an activity that one had actually only observed is more common among
A) younger adults.
B) older adults.
C) children.
D) adolescents.

Accepted Answer

Older adults are more likely to claim they have performed an activity that they only observed, due to memory consolidation issues and the increased likelihood of source memory errors with age.

Question 9

Research suggests that all of the following external memory cues are most effective except those that
A) require a pen or pencil.
B) are active rather than passive.
C) are given close to the time action is required.
D) are specific to a particular action.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that external memory cues that require a pen or pencil are actually less effective than those that do not because they can create an extra cognitive load and distract from the task at hand. The other options listed are all effective external memory cues that can improve memory and task performance.

Question 10

Remembering where you were when 9/11 occurred is an example of
A) explicit memory.
B) semantic memory.
C) implicit memory.
D) flashbulb memory.

Accepted Answer

Remembering where you were when 9/11 occurred is a classic example of flashbulb memory, which is a type of long-term memory that involves a vivid, detailed, and emotional recollection of a specific event. Flashbulb memories are often triggered by unexpected and emotionally intense experiences, such as witnessing a traumatic event or hearing shocking news. While flashbulb memories are incredibly vivid and often feel very real, they can also be unreliable and subject to distortion over time.

Question 11

Metamemory refers to what one knows about
A) the memory system and how it works.
B) the accuracy of the knowledge base.
C) current ongoing memory processes.
D) one's own past experiences.

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to knowledge about the memory system and how it works. It includes the ability to monitor and control one's own memory processes.

Question 12

Which of the following is an external memory aid?
A) imagery
B) rehearsal
C) memory drugs
D) a shopping list

Accepted Answer

A shopping list is an example of an external memory aid because it is a physical reminder of items that need to be remembered. Imagery and rehearsal are internal memory aids, as they involve mental processes to help remember information. Memory drugs refer to pharmaceuticals that may enhance memory function, but are not typically considered a specific type of memory aid.

Question 13

Neuroscience research on the benefits of __________ shows that it plays a large role in protecting older adults from cognitive decline.
A) bilingualism
B) musical training
C) emotional engagement
D) a long-term partnership

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience research has shown that bilingualism can protect older adults from cognitive decline by improving cognitive control and delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Bilingualism requires constant practice of inhibitory control, which strengthens the brain's executive functions and enhances reasoning ability.

Question 14

One implicit internal memory aide has proven quite powerful, and those with Alzheimer's can learn new things using it. What is it?
A) EIEIO method
B) spaced retrieval
C) memory monitoring
D) memory drugs

Accepted Answer

Spaced retrieval is a technique where information is intentionally recalled at gradually increasing intervals. This aids in retrieving the information from long-term memory and has been shown to be helpful for those with Alzheimer's in learning new information. The other options (A, C, and D) are not specific internal memory aides that have been proven effective in aiding those with Alzheimer's in learning new information.

Question 15

_____________________ requires all of the available attentional capacity.
A) Automatic processing
B) Effortful processing
C) Divided attention
D) Implicit memory

Accepted Answer

Effortful processing is a type of encoding that requires conscious effort and attention. It involves actively processing information, which can take up all of the available attentional capacity. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Automatic processing, on the other hand, requires little to no conscious effort or attention and can occur unconsciously, while divided attention refers to the ability to focus on multiple tasks simultaneously, and implicit memory is the type of memory that occurs without conscious awareness or intent.

Question 16

One reason for access problems is if the knowledge in semantic memory
A) is complex.
B) is from personal experiences that occurred across a lifetime.
C) is tied to specific occurrences of events in time.
D) is not used on a regular basis.

Accepted Answer

If the knowledge in semantic memory is not used on a regular basis, it can become more difficult to access because it may not be as readily available in active memory.

Question 17

Research shows that age-related changes in speed of processing
A) are inevitable.
B) are dependent upon what adults are being asked to do.
C) are uniform across different types of tasks and situations.
D) vary by sex, with women showing greater declines over time than men.

Accepted Answer

Age-related changes in speed of processing are not uniform across different types of tasks and situations. Some tasks may be more challenging than others and therefore result in slower processing speed, while others may not be as affected. Therefore, the speed of processing changes are dependent upon what adults are being asked to do.

Question 18

Neuroscience research clearly demonstrates that __________________ has a wide range of effects on the brain, including increased neural plasticity, and can be an intervention alternative for diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
A) a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids
B) reading
C) exercise
D) working past retirement age

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience research has shown that exercise has numerous positive effects on the brain, including increased neural plasticity and the potential for use as an alternative intervention for diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. While a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids may also have some benefits for the brain, it is not as strongly supported by research as exercise. Reading and working past retirement age may have some cognitive benefits, but they are not as consistently shown to improve neural plasticity and function as exercise.

Question 19

A small capacity store that deals with the items currently "in use" is
A) sensory memory.
B) working memory.
C) secondary memory.
D) remote memory.

Accepted Answer

Working memory is a small capacity store that holds information currently being processed and manipulated. It is also known as short-term memory.

Question 20

Recent research into what causes working memory deficits in older adults has found that
A) older adults have more trouble accessing multiple pieces of information.
B) older adults have more trouble juggling all of the information at once.
C) verbal working memory is much more affected than spatial working memory.
D) testing at night improves older adults' performance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research into what causes working memory...

Quiz 6: Attention and Memory

If 47¬year¬old Matt can recite the preamble to the U.S. constitution which he memorized by listening to a song he heard on a video in his history class. What type of memory is Matt using for this task?

Implicit memory is also referred to as

According to your textbook, which of the following is considered a "powerful" cue for early autobiographical memories?

What variable affects whether age differences will be obtained on divided attention tasks?

Improvements in your memory as the result of being previously exposed to the information without actively trying to remember it is known as

Michael is trying to remember his friend's new cell phone number. He repeats it in his mind until he gets the new number entered into his phone's contact list. Michael is using his

The brief and almost identical representation of the stimuli that exists in the observable environment is known as

Claiming that one had performed an activity that one had actually only observed is more common among

Research suggests that all of the following external memory cues are most effective except those that

Remembering where you were when 9/11 occurred is an example of

Metamemory refers to what one knows about

Which of the following is an external memory aid?

Neuroscience research on the benefits of __________ shows that it plays a large role in protecting older adults from cognitive decline.

One implicit internal memory aide has proven quite powerful, and those with Alzheimer's can learn new things using it. What is it?

_____________________ requires all of the available attentional capacity.

One reason for access problems is if the knowledge in semantic memory

Research shows that age-related changes in speed of processing

Neuroscience research clearly demonstrates that __________________ has a wide range of effects on the brain, including increased neural plasticity, and can be an intervention alternative for diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

A small capacity store that deals with the items currently "in use" is

Recent research into what causes working memory deficits in older adults has found that