Question 1

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a computer-based testthat measures the degree to which you associate particular groups of people with specific characteristics or attributes, andit is based on the assumption that people can sort images and words more easily when concepts seem to "match" or go together.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and how it functions.

Question 2

The most widely used test to measure implicit attitudes and preferences is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT),developed by psychologist Anthony Greenwald and hiscolleagues.

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is actually a projective test used to evaluate a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test materials. It is not specifically designed to measure implicit attitudes and preferences. The most widely used test to measure implicit attitudes and preferences is the Implicit Association Test (IAT).

Question 3

In-group bias refers to the tendency to see members of out-groups as very similar to one another.

Accepted Answer

In-group bias refers to the tendency to favor one's own group over others, while seeing out-group members as similar is known as the out-group homogeneity effect.

Question 4

There is a cognitive and emotional basis to prejudice, and when prejudice is displayed behaviorally it is called discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to the negative attitudes, beliefs, and feelings towards a particular group or individual, while discrimination refers to the actions taken based on those negative attitudes. Therefore, there is a cognitive (attitudes and beliefs) and emotional (feelings) basis to prejudice, which can lead to discrimination.

Question 5

The out-group homogeneity effect refers to the tendency tojudge the behavior of in-group members favorably and the behavior of out-group members unfavorably.

Accepted Answer

The out-group homogeneity effect refers to the perception that members of an out-group are more similar to each other than members of the in-group, not necessarily judging behaviors favorably or unfavorably.

Question 6

When prejudice is displayed emotionally, the emotions can be intensely negative.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice often leads to strong negative emotions such as hatred, anger, disgust, and fear towards the group or individual being discriminated against.

Question 7

People are often prejudiced against groups that are perceivedas threatening their in-group's norms and values.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice typically manifests when individuals perceive a threat to their in-group's norms and values, which can cause them to unfairly judge and discriminate against out-groups. This phenomenon has been extensively researched in social psychology and has been found to contribute to a wide range of negative social outcomes.

Question 8

At lunch, Colleen mentioned to Zack and Taylor that her sister was a professional pilot for American Airlines. "She must bereally controlled and analytical. Professional pilots are like that,you know," Zack responded. Zack's comment is an example of stereotyping in action.

Accepted Answer

Zack is making a generalization about all professional pilots based on their occupation, without considering individual differences or circumstances. This is a form of stereotyping.

Question 9

Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own culture orethnic group is superior to all others and the related tendency to use one's own culture as a standard by which to judge other cultures.

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture or ethnic group over all others and using one's own culture as a standard to judge other cultures.

Question 10

Research has shown that people will quickly change their stereotyped way of thinking when they are confronted with evidence that contradicts the stereotype that they had believed to be true.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that people often resist changing their stereotyped beliefs even when presented with contradictory evidence, due to cognitive biases and the tendency to maintain existing beliefs.

Question 11

Behaviorally, prejudice can be displayed in the form of discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice often leads to discriminatory behaviors, such as treating individuals unfairly based on their perceived group membership.

Question 12

Explicit attitudes are evaluations that are automatic,unintentional, difficult to control, and are sometimes, but not always, unconscious.

Accepted Answer

Explicit attitudes are deliberate and conscious evaluations, unlike implicit attitudes which are automatic and unconscious.

Question 13

There is a strong psychological tendency to see the members ofour in-group as being very similar to one another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is a strong psychological tendency to...

Question 14

The Implicit Association Test has been criticized because the ease with which certain associations are made may reflectfa miliarity with cultural stereotypes, rather than personal biasor prejudice.

Accepted Answer

The criticism of the Implicit Association Test is that it may reflect familiarity with cultural stereotypes, rather than personal bias or prejudice.

Question 15

"These people are so uncivilized. Can you believe it? They eatinsects, fried insects!" Jennifer complained to her mother shortly after they arrived in China. Jennifer's reaction reflects a form of in-group bias called ethnocentrism.

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to view one's own cultural group as superior to others and to judge other cultures based on one's own cultural norms and values. Jennifer's statement expresses a judgmental attitude towards the eating habits of people in China, suggesting that she views her own cultural norms as superior.

Question 16

Muzafer Sherif is the American social psychologist who is best known for his Robbers Cave experiments, which were designed to study prejudice, conflict resolution, and group processes.

Accepted Answer

Muzafer Sherif is most well-known for his Robbers Cave experiments.

Question 17

Being aware that your social group is associated with aparticular stereotype can negatively impact your performanceon tests or tasks that measure abilities thought to be associated with that stereotype, a phenomenon called the stereotype threat.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the concept of stereotype threat. When individuals are aware of a negative stereotype associated with their social group, they may experience anxiety and pressure that can hinder their performance on tasks related to that stereotype.

Question 18

In their experimental study of intergroup conflict, psychologist Muzafer Sherif and his co-researchers assigned the highly aggressive boys to one group, the Eagles, and the less aggressive boys to another group, the Rattlers, and then pitted them against each other in a series of competitive games.

Accepted Answer

Sherif's Robbers Cave Experiment randomly assigned boys to the Eagles and Rattlers groups without considering their aggression levels, to study intergroup conflict and cooperation.

Question 19

Half the female participants in an experiment were told that males typically do better than females on the math test they were about to take, and the other half were told that the test did not produce gender differences. Because of the stereotype threat, the first group of females will score much higher on the test than the second group.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat suggests that the first group, who were reminded of a negative stereotype, would likely perform worse, not better, due to increased anxiety and pressure.

Question 20

Intense prejudice can almost always be traced to the fact that different groups are competing for the same physical or economic resources.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice can arise from various factors, including social, psychological, and cultural influences, not just competition for resources.

Quiz 12: Stress Health and Coping