Question 1

The _____ for a particular nutrient is the intake value thought to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals of the same gender who are in a particular stage of life.

Accepted Answer

The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the intake level of a nutrient that is estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular stage of life and gender. The EAR is used to determine the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for the nutrient. The RDA is the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a particular stage of life and gender. The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) is not a valid term. Adequate Intake Level (AI) is the recommended intake level for a nutrient if there is not enough scientific evidence to establish an EAR or RDA.

Question 2

A 25-year-old woman has recently visited a registered dietitian as part of a routine health exam. She is consuming less than the RDA for nutrient x. Her intake for that nutrient is:

Accepted Answer

Consuming less than the RDA for nutrient intake may indicate a possible inadequacy in meeting nutrient needs. However, further assessment and analysis are required to confirm the adequacy or inadequacy of nutrient intake.

Question 3

An example of a nutrient with an AI instead of an RDA is:

Accepted Answer

Sodium has an Adequate Intake (AI) level instead of a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) because there is not enough evidence to establish a precise RDA.

Question 4

_____ are meant to be used as nutrient intake goals for individuals, because they were based on experimentally documented intake levels of a nutrient that seemed to maintain adequate nutritional status in healthy people.

Accepted Answer

Adequate Intakes (AIs) are used as nutrient intake goals for individuals when there is not enough evidence to establish a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). They are based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people.

Question 5

The _____ provide limits for those who take supplements or consume large amounts of fortified foods.

Accepted Answer

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) provide the maximum safe levels of nutrient intake for individuals, and are particularly important for those who take supplements or consume large amounts of fortified foods. The other options (EARs, AIs, and RDAs) are used to determine the recommended nutrient intake levels for healthy individuals.

Question 6

A nutrienis ____is the amount of a nutrient that must be consumed to prevent deficiencies; it is determined by a person’s nutritional needs based on a host of factors such as sex, age, physical activity, and genetics.

Accepted Answer

Nutrient requirements are the amount of nutrients needed to meet an individual's nutritional needs based on various factors such as age, sex, physical activity, and genetics. Nutrient status refers to the level of nutrients present in the body, adequacy refers to the extent to which dietary intake meets nutrient requirements, and intake refers to the actual amount of nutrients consumed regardless of whether it meets an individual's requirements. Therefore, the best choice is B, requirement.

Question 7

The _____ for a particular nutrient is the daily dietary intake level considered sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals (about 97%) of the same gender who are in a particular stage of life.

Accepted Answer

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the daily dietary intake level considered sufficient for healthy individuals of a particular gender who are in a particular stage of life. It is determined by taking into account the EAR, which is the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirements of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. The RDA is set higher than the EAR to ensure that the nutrient needs of almost all healthy individuals in the group are met. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. The Adequate Intake (AI) is used when there is not enough information to establish an EAR or an RDA.

Question 8

If intake of a nutrient in the diet falls below the AI, then:

Accepted Answer

If a nutrient is below the AI, it means that more information is needed to determine the adequacy of the diet. The AI is a guideline set by experts based on current scientific knowledge, but it is not an absolute requirement. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the diet as a whole and determine if it provides enough of all essential nutrients, not just the one that is below the AI.

Question 9

Which agency established the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for macronutrients?

Accepted Answer

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for macronutrients were established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in collaboration with Health Canada.

Question 10

When scientific evidence was insufficient to establish an EAR and thus accurately set an RDA, the DRI committee derived  a(n) _____ instead.

Accepted Answer

When scientific evidence was insufficient to establish an EAR and thus accurately set RDA, the DRI committee derived an Adequate Intake (AI) instead.

Question 11

The EARs are very useful in research settings for evaluation of whether a group of people is likely to be consuming adequate amounts of a nutrient. Therefore, it is _____ to use the EAR values as recommended goals for dietary intake of an individual.

Accepted Answer

The EAR is not intended to be used as a recommended goal for dietary intake of an individual.

Question 12

Only 50% of healthy individuals will have their physiological needs met at which level of intake?

Accepted Answer

EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) is the level of intake that meets the needs of 50% of individuals. RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) is the level of intake that meets the needs of 97-98% of individuals, AI (Adequate Intake) is the level of intake that is estimated to be adequate for most people in a population group, and UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level) is the highest level of intake that is unlikely to cause harm. Therefore, the best choice for meeting the needs of 50% of individuals is the EAR.

Question 13

You are a sophomore in college and are calculating your EER. Your activity level has decreased significantly since your freshman year. You would expect your current EER to be _____ when compared to your freshman year.

Accepted Answer

Since the question states that the activity level has decreased significantly, the EER would be expected to be lower compared to the freshman year.

Question 14

What method is considered easy to use should you wish to determine the micronutrient, macronutrient, and energy (calorie) content of your diet?

Accepted Answer

Computerized nutrient databases are user-friendly tools that provide detailed information on the micronutrient, macronutrient, and calorie content of foods, making them easy to use for dietary analysis.

Question 15

If intake of a nutrient is between the EAR and the RDA, then it:

Accepted Answer

The EAR represents the average amount of a nutrient needed by a specific demographic, while the RDA represents the recommended amount for almost all individuals in that demographic. Thus, if the nutrienbetween the EAR and RDA, it indicates that more research is needed to determine the appropriate amount, and it should probably be increased to ensure adequate intake for most individuals.

Question 16

What were the first dietary standards published in 1943 by the National Academy of Sciences called?

Accepted Answer

The first set of standards published in 1943 by the National Academy of Sciences were called Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Both options A and B are incorrect as they did not exist at the time. Option D is incorrect as the correct term is "Allowances" and not "Allowances".

Question 17

A 25-year-old woman has recently visited a registered dietitian as part of a routine health exam. She is consuming less than the EAR for nutrient x. Her intake for that nutrient is:

Accepted Answer

If a person's intake of a nutrient is less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), it is likely that their intake is inadequate, as the EAR is the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 18

A 25-year-old woman has recently visited a registered dietitian as part of a routine health exam. She is consuming more than the RDA, yet less than the UL, for nutrient x. Her intake for that nutrient is:

Accepted Answer

If the individual is consuming more than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) but still below the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), then it is likely that their nutrient intake is adequate. The RDA is set at the level of nutrient intake required to meet the needs of almost all healthy individuals in a specific age and gender group, while the UL is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. Therefore, if the individual is consuming more than the RDA but below the UL, it means they are likely getting enough of the nutrients without exceeding the safe upper limits.

Question 19

The RDAs were originally designed primarily to:

Accepted Answer

The RDAs were established to prevent nutrient deficiencies and ensure adequate nutrient intake for optimal health. They were not specifically designed to reduce the risk of chronic diseases or correct existing nutrient deficiencies, although adequate nutrient intake can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases and can help correct deficiencies over time. The RDAs also do not specifically address preventing overnutrition, although they do provide guidelines for limiting certain nutrients (such as sodium or saturated fat) that can contribute to overnutrition if consumed in excess.

Question 20

"_____" is a term used to describe a set of four groups of values: EARs, RDAs, AIs, and ULs.

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe a set of nutrient reference values including DRIs, AI, EAR, and UL is Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Option A includes DRI but misses out on other values. Option C is incorrect as RDI refers to Reference Daily Intakes which is a term used for nutrient reference values in food labeling. Option D is not a correct term.

Quiz 2: Nutritional Assessmendietary Planning