Question 1

During childhood parents should use food to control behavior.

Accepted Answer

Using food to control behavior can create unhealthy relationships with food and promote disordered eating habits. It is important to teach children about healthy food choices and moderation, but not to use food as a reward or punishment for behavior.

Question 2

The placenta develops early in pregnancy but it takes several weeks before it is fully functional. What is its function?

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Question 3

What are teratogens? Provide an example of a common teratogen and the overall affects of exposure

Accepted Answer

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Question 4

With age, the sensation of thirst is not affected.

Accepted Answer

With age, the sensation can be affected. As we age, our senses can decline, leading to decreased sensitivity to touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing.

Question 5

As an alternative to hormone replacement therapy, some women find that consuming foods made from soybeans is helpful because soybeans contain isoflavones that are structurally similar to estrogen.

Accepted Answer

Soybeans do contain isoflavones that are similar in structure to estrogen, which is why some women find them helpful as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy.

Question 6

Why is fat, particularly essential fatty acids, such as an important part of the diet during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

Pregnant women who are vegans are at higher risk for certain vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Identify the vitamins and minerals of concern and provide recommendations for how these vitamins and minerals could be obtained through food.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

How is growth assessed for infants, children, and adolescents?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Why do the Dietary Reference Intakes specify recommended nutrient and energy intakes for each life stage group?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Outline the physiological changes that pregnant woman experience and relate how these changes affect nutrient requirements.

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Question 11

It is appropriate to feed honey to infants and young children under two years of age

Accepted Answer

Honey can contain a bacteria called Clostridium botulinum, which can cause a type of food poisoning called infant botulism. Infants under the age of one year are especially vulnerable to the bacteria, which can grow in a baby's intestines and produce harmful toxins. Therefore, it is not recommended to feed honey to infants and young children under two years of age.

Question 12

Nonmilk complementary foods should be introduced to an infant between 4 and 6 months of age.

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nonmilk complementary foods (such as pureed fruits and vegetables, cooked meat, and fortified cereals) should be introduced to an infant between 4 and 6 months of age, and soft and mashed or minced vegetables should be fed to infants around 6 months of age.

Question 13

During adolescence, males experience an increase in lean mass and a relative decrease in body fat, whereas females undergo a decrease in lean mass relative to body fat.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Hormonal changes during adolescence cause males to experience an increase in testosterone, leading to an increase in muscle mass and a relative decrease in body fat. In contrast, females typically experience an increase in estrogen, which can lead to an accumulation of body fat and a decrease in lean mass.

Question 14

Why is breastfeeding the ideal method for nourishing babies?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

The branch of science and medicine dedicated to the social, behavioral, psychological, and health issues of aging is called gerontology.

Accepted Answer

Gerontology is the branch of medicine and social science that deals with the study of aging and its associated biological, social, and psychological aspects. It encompasses various disciplines such as sociology, psychology, healthcare, public policy, and geriatrics to understand the aging process and improve the quality of life for older adults.

Question 16

What two important predictors of infant health?

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Question 17

Prolactin is the first secretion from the breasts after birth that provides nourishment and immunological protection to newborns.

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates milk production, but the first secretion from the breasts after birth is colostrum, which provides nourishment and immunological protection to newborns.

Question 18

It is recommended that children between the ages of 2 and 8 years consume 2 cups of low-fat milk or equivalent milk products each day.

Accepted Answer

According to the USDA, children between the ages of 8-18 years old should consume 2-2.5 cups of vegetables per day.

Question 19

All breastfed infants need fluoride supplements at 6 months of age.

Accepted Answer

Breast milk naturally contains some fluoride, and most infants do not need fluoride supplements until they start consuming water from sources other than breast milk. The need for fluoride supplements should be evaluated by a healthcare provider based on individual circumstances, including the concentration of fluoride in the local water supply.

Question 20

How does the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis relate to chronic disease?

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Quiz 14: Life Cycle Nutrition