Question 1

The next generation of 3-D video will be based on _____ technology, where a viewer will be able to get different views of the scene by moving her head or walking around the display. This will involve dynamic depth cues that result from the viewer's own motion, not just from the motion of objects in the scene.

Accepted Answer

Holographic technology allows for the creation of 3-D images that can be viewed from different angles, providing dynamic depth cues based on the viewer's movement, unlike stereoscopic or autostereoscopic technologies which rely on fixed perspectives.

Question 2

Perhaps the most widely accepted explanation of the moon illusion is that, like most other size illusions, it results from a misperception of distance. The actual distance from an observer on the earth's surface to the moon is virtually:

Accepted Answer

The actual distance from an observer on Earth to the moon remains virtually the same whether the moon is at the horizon or directly overhead. The perceived size difference is due to a misperception of distance, not an actual change in distance.

Question 3

The tendency to perceive an object's shape as constant, despite changes in the shape of the object's retinal image due to the object's changing orientation, is called:

Accepted Answer

Shape constancy refers to the perceptual phenomenon where the perceived shape of an object remains constant despite changes in the shape of the object's retinal image caused by variations in the object's orientation to the viewer.

Question 4

In the context of autostereoscopy, the parallax barrier method works BEST with:

Accepted Answer

The parallax barrier method is particularly effective for handheld video games because it allows for the creation of a 3D visual effect without the need for special glasses. This technology works by using a layer with precision slits in front of the display, ensuring each eye sees a different set of pixels, thus creating a sense of depth.

Question 5

In holographic technology, which type of depth cue enables a viewer to get different views of the scene by moving the head or walking around the display?

Accepted Answer

Dynamic depth cues are responsible for providing different views of a scene when the observer moves their head or changes their position relative to the display. This is a key feature of holographic technology, allowing for a more immersive and realistic viewing experience.

Question 6

In the context of the moon illusion, how does the size-distance relation affect our perception of the moon?

Accepted Answer

The size-distance relation, a key factor in the moon illusion, suggests that objects appearing at the horizon seem larger than when they are high in the sky because our brains perceive them as being farther away due to depth cues and thus, if they appear the same size to our eyes but are perceived to be farther, our brains interpret them as physically larger.

Question 7

When viewing a 3-D movie in a theater using 3-D glasses with polarized lenses:

Accepted Answer

In a 3-D movie with polarized lenses, everyone sees the same stereoscopic view because the glasses filter the images so that each eye receives a different image, creating the illusion of depth.

Question 8

During a recent trip to the airport, you notice a small plane standing at a few hundred yards away, which is lower in your field of view than a jet plane that is standing far in the distance. Explain whether this scenario contradicts the depth cue of relative height in an image.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During a recent trip to the airport,...

Question 9

Two cargo boxes fall off a train onto the railway track at a distance of 20 feet apart from one another. These two boxes are viewed together by Jim from a linear perspective. He interprets the tracks as two lines perpendicular to the line of sight and tilted symmetrically inward, rather than as two lines receding into the distance. According to the Ponzo illusion, which statement is MOST likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

The Ponzo illusion causes objects that are farther away to appear larger than those closer when placed within converging lines, due to the brain's interpretation of depth and perspective.

Question 10

Which technology has been developed to permit 3-D viewing on television, computer, or mobile phone displays without special glasses?

Accepted Answer

Autostereoscopy allows for 3-D viewing without the need for special glasses by presenting a different image to each eye, creating a stereoscopic effect naturally.

Question 11

Emmert's law states that the perceived size of an afterimage:

Accepted Answer

Emmert's law posits that the perceived size of an afterimage appears larger when projected onto surfaces that are farther away and smaller when the surface is closer. This means the perceived size of the afterimage changes in direct proportion to the distance of the surface it is projected onto.

Question 12

In an fMRI experiment conducted by Murray et al. (2006) where the researchers studied the brain's response to ponzo illusion, it was found that:

Accepted Answer

The study by Murray et al. (2006) on the ponzo illusion using fMRI showed increased activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) when participants viewed what appeared to be a larger sphere compared to a smaller one, despite the spheres being the same size. This demonstrates how the brain's perception of size can be influenced by visual context, leading to increased neural activity even when the physical size of the stimuli does not change.

Question 13

In the Ames room illusion, an observer is required to look through the peephole with just one eye because:

Accepted Answer

The Ames room illusion relies on eliminating binocular depth cues, which help us perceive depth using both eyes. By looking through a peephole with one eye, these cues are removed, making the trapezoidal shapes of the room appear rectangular and distorting our perception of size within the room.

Question 14

My friend has a picture on the beach where she appears to hold the setting sun in her hands like a ball. This illusion is called the:

Accepted Answer

The illusion in the photograph is called forced perspective. This technique manipulates our perception by using the camera's angle and distance from the subject to create an optical illusion. In this case, it makes it appear as though your friend is holding the sun, which is actually far off in the distance.

Question 15

Shape-slant invariance means that the perceived shape of an object depends on its perceived:

Accepted Answer

Shape-slant invariance refers to the phenomenon where the perceived shape of an object is influenced by its perceived slant or orientation relative to the observer.

Question 16

A man and his son are riding along a tree-lined road. The man stares straight ahead through the windshield as he drives, and his son, sitting in the back seat, looks outside the window. Discuss the depth cues available to each rider.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A man and his son are riding...

Question 17

Take a mug and begin to slowly move it toward the tip of your nose. While looking at the mug, continue the movement until the mug actually touches the tip of your nose and your eyes are turned in toward your nose. You begin to feel the tension in the muscles that move your eyes. Explain the depth cue that causes this phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Take a mug and begin to slowly...

Question 18

Which statement explains the principle of size-distance invariance?

Accepted Answer

The principle of size-distance invariance suggests that our perceptions of an object's size remain constant even as the distance from us changes, because we adjust our perception of the object's size based on its perceived distance. This means that if we perceive an object to be far away, we will also perceive it as being larger to maintain size constancy, even though its image on our retina is smaller than if it were closer.

Question 19

The figure given below shows the tabletop illusion. It illustrates that the tabletop on the left is _____ the tabletop on the right.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The figure given below shows the tabletop...

Question 20

The Ponzo illusion illustrates the principle of:

Accepted Answer

The Ponzo illusion demonstrates how our perception of an object's size can be influenced by its background context, specifically linear perspective, which tricks our brain into thinking one object is further away and therefore must be larger, even though the objects are the same size. This is an example of size-distance invariance.

Quiz 6: Perceiving Depth