Question 1

Movshon et al. (1985) studied the combination-of-motions effect using two superimposed sets of moving stripes. Their study found that:

Accepted Answer

Movshon et al. (1985) demonstrated that MT neurons can integrate the motion information from V1 neurons and/or from component neurons within MT itself, showing the capability of these neurons to process complex motion patterns by combining simpler motion signals.

Question 2

In the context of visually induced motion sickness, the study conducted by Keshavarz et al. (2015) found that:

Accepted Answer

Keshavarz et al. (2015) found that pleasant odors, when noticed by participants, were more effective in preventing motion sickness compared to when the odors were not noticed or when other odors were used. This suggests that the conscious perception of a pleasant odor can play a role in mitigating motion sickness symptoms.

Question 3

Below are two different sets of apparent motion quartet frames (pair A and pair B). Describe what would be perceived for each set if the pair of frames were presented in rapid alternation.
pair A
pair B

Accepted Answer

The answer of Below are two different sets of apparent...

Question 4

According to the text, how can one treat visually induced motion sickness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, how can one...

Question 5

In the context of evolutionary influences on motion sickness, a major cause of ill health was:

Accepted Answer

Motion sickness is thought to have evolved as a defense mechanism against neurotoxins. When the brain receives conflicting signals from the eyes and the inner ear about the body's movement, it might interpret this as a sign of poisoning, triggering nausea and vomiting to expel the toxin. Ingesting toxic substances, such as poisonous plants or spoiled meat, would have been a common threat to early humans, making this an evolutionary response to avoid poisoning.

Question 6

Recent films such as Avatar and The Hobbit have blended human acting with computer animation. Using the motion-capture technique, actors perform while wearing suits that have sensors in strategically placed spots (i.e., at the joints). The recorded performance is later translated into animation by maintaining the key spatial and temporal relationships from the original to the animation. How is this technique related to the study of perception from biological motion?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent films such as Avatar and The...

Question 7

How is visually induced motion sickness different from typical motion sickness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is visually induced motion sickness different...

Question 8

In the context of visually induced motion sickness, a virtual nose would _____ motion sickness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of visually induced motion...

Question 9

For safety reasons, construction sites are usually surrounded by high wooden boards. Onlookers may poke a small hole through a board and have a glimpse of the ongoing construction. How does this lead to the aperture problem mentioned in the text?

Accepted Answer

The answer of For safety reasons, construction sites are usually...

Question 10

An individual _____ can experience visually induced motion sickness.

Accepted Answer

Visually induced motion sickness can occur when playing video games due to the visual stimuli on the screen creating a sensory conflict with the body's perception of motion.

Question 11

Briefly describe the experiment conducted by Newsome et al. (1989) to investigate the role of MT neurons in motion perception. Summarize their findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the experiment conducted by Newsome...

Question 12

What is apparent motion? How does the perceptual grouping principle of proximity affect the perception of an apparent motion quartet?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is apparent motion? How does the...

Question 13

An individual _____ would NOT experience visually induced motion sickness.

Accepted Answer

Visually induced motion sickness typically occurs in situations where there is a disconnect between what the eyes see and how the body perceives motion. In the back seat of a moving car, the motion sickness that might occur is usually due to actual motion rather than visually induced motion, as the visual and vestibular systems experience congruent motion cues.

Question 14

Emma places her index finger on the far outside edge of one of her eyelids. Then, through her eyelid, she applies gentle pressure to her eye. As she applies pressure, she sees the environment tilt in correspondence with her eye's movement. (A) Explain this change of perception as the eye moves. (B) Does this demonstration support the corollary discharge signal as the stabilizing mechanism during eye movement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emma places her index finger on the...

Question 15

Motion sickness is thought to occur because of a conflict between the _____ systems.

Accepted Answer

Motion sickness occurs due to a discrepancy between the vestibular system, which helps control balance and spatial orientation, and the visual system's perception of movement. This conflict between what the body feels and what the eyes see can lead to symptoms of motion sickness.

Question 16

Miguel drives up to a railroad crossing just as a train arrives. The train moves from Miguel's left to his right and takes almost three minutes to pass. As the train passes by, Miguel looks toward the direction of the train. How will this affect his vision after the train passes by? What is the neural explanation for his experience?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Miguel drives up to a railroad crossing...

Question 17

Simulator displays cause visually induced motion sickness because they have wide fields of view and convey strong _____ cues of a stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Simulator displays often cause visually induced motion sickness due to their wide fields of view and the conveyance of strong motion cues, which can create a discrepancy between visual and vestibular inputs, leading to discomfort or nausea.

Question 18

A motion-selective neuron, M, receives signals from two neurons with receptive fields RF₁ and RF₂. RF₁ is 3.0° of visual angle to the left of RF₂. The circuit leading from the RF₁ neuron to M has a 0.51-second delay, and for the nondelayed RF2 neuron, transmission time to M is 0.01 seconds. What is the preferred direction and speed of motion for M?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A motion-selective neuron, M, receives signals from...

Quiz 7: Perceiving Motion