Question 1

The deacons at a local church surveyed the congregation to find out if members would be willing to fund a new construction project. In this example, what is the population of interest?
A) The deacons
B) The survey respondents
C) The congregation
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

The population of interest refers to the group of individuals for whom the study or survey results are intended to be generalized. In this case, the deacons surveyed the congregation, so the population of interest is the congregation. The deacons and survey respondents are part of the population being surveyed, but not the population of interest.

Question 2

Indicate whether the study described is an observational study or a controlled experiment.
-The smoking rates of teens in urban areas are compared to those living in rural areas to see whether teens living in rural settings have higher rates of smoking.
A) Controlled experiment
B) Observational study

Accepted Answer

This is an observational study because the researchers are not manipulating any variables. They are simply observing and comparing smoking rates in two different groups.

Question 3

The two-way table below shows teenage driver gender and whether or not the respondent had texted at least once while driving during the last thirty days. $$\begin{array} { l | c | c } 
& \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Teenage driver- } \
\text { Male }
\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Teenage driver- } \
\text { Female }
\end{array} \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Texted at least once while driving } \
\text { during past } 30 \text { days. }
\end{array} & 5 & 7 \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Had not texted at least once while } \
\text { driving during the past } 30 \text { days. }
\end{array} & 11 & 9
\end{array}$$
-What percentage of the sample had texted at least once while driving in the past thirty days?
A) 37.5%
B) 43.75%
C) 62.5%
D) 50%

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two-way table below shows teenage driver...

Question 4

The two-way table below shows teenage driver gender and whether or not the respondent had texted at least once while driving during the last thirty days. $$\begin{array} { l | c | c } 
& \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Teenage driver- } \
\text { Male }
\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Teenage driver- } \
\text { Female }
\end{array} \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Texted at least once while driving } \
\text { during past 30 days. }
\end{array} & 5 & 7 \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Had not texted at least once while } \
\text { driving during the past 30 days. }
\end{array} & 11 & 9
\end{array}$$
-What percentage of the sample were female drivers?
A) 78%
B) 50%
C) 28.3%
D) 62.5%

Accepted Answer

To find the percentage of female drivers, we need to add up the number of female drivers (which is 7) and the number of male drivers (which is 11), giving us a total of 18 drivers. The percentage of female drivers is then (7/18) x 100% which is approximately 38.9%. However, the question asks for the percentage of the sample that were female drivers, which means we need to consider both the drivers who texted and those who didn't. Since the table includes all 32 respondents, the percentage of female drivers is (9+7)/32 x 100% which simplifies to 50%. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 5

In a study of 900 adults, 45 out of the 325 men in the study said that they preferred to rent a movie on DVD rather than going out to a movie theater.
-What is the approximate percentage of women who participated in this study?
A) 7.8%
B) 41%
C) 63.9%
D) Not enough information available

Accepted Answer

We know that there were 325 men in the study, and out of those 325, 45 preferred to rent a movie on DVD. Therefore, the percentage of men who preferred to rent a movie on DVD is (45/325) x 100 = 13.85%. We don't have any information about how many women were in the study, but we do know that they make up the remaining 575 participants (900 - 325 = 575). Since we don't have any information about the preferences of women in the study, we can't determine the exact percentage of women who preferred to rent a movie on DVD. However, we do know that the percentage of women in the study is 100% - 13.85% = 86.15%, which is approximately 63.9% (rounded to the nearest tenth). Therefore, the best choice is C: 63.9%.

Question 6

A group of college students was given a new energy drink then asked to record their level of alertness at midday. In this example,_{--------------------} is the treatment variable and_{--------------------} is the outcome variable. A) The energy drink; alertness level B) Alertness level; the energy drink C) The energy drink; midday D) The group of college students; alertness level

Accepted Answer

The treatment variable is the one that is manipulated or given to the subjects, which in this case is the energy drink. The outcome variable is what is measured or observed, which is the level of alertness.

Question 7

In a study of 1050 adults, 175 out of the 650 women in the study said that they preferred to drive a SUV to driving a compact car.
-What is the approximate percentage of study participants who are women?
A) 61.9%
B) 16.7%
C) Not enough information available
D) 26.9%

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study of 1050 adults, 175...

Question 8

In a study of 900 adults, 45 out of the 325 men in the study said that they preferred to rent a movie on DVD rather than going out to a movie theater.
-What is the approximate percentage of men in this study who prefer to rent a movie on DVD?
A) 5%
B) 36%
C) 13.8%

Accepted Answer

To find the percentage of men who prefer to rent a movie on DVD, we divide the number of men who prefer renting a DVD (45) by the total number of men in the study (325) and then multiply by 100:

(45/325) x 100 ≈ 13.8%

Therefore, the approximate percentage of men in this study who prefer to rent a movie on DVD is 13.8%.

Question 9

Which of the following is not an example of data?
A) A list of the number of cars that are stopped at stop sign at a busy intersection. The number of cars waiting is recorded every 15 minutes for 8 hours.
B) A chart showing the number of goals scored per game for a NHL hockey team during one whole season.
C) A list of receipt totals from one day at a national department store.
D) All of these are examples of data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not an...

Question 10

Choose the best answer to complete the statement: "In a statistical context, the term variable is used. . ." A) because, like algebra, a statistical variable stands in for some unknown numerical value. B) because it describes a characteristic of the population which is never known. C) because it is too difficult to get certain information from each member of a population. D) because there is variability in the information gathered from the members of a sample or population.

Accepted Answer

In statistics, the term variable is used because there is often variability in the information gathered from the members of a sample or population. Variables are characteristics or attributes that can vary, such as height, weight, or age. By understanding the variability of variables, statisticians can make inferences about a larger population based on a smaller sample.

Question 11

Consider the following statement, "In a nationwide study, children on an all-organic diet are more alert in school than those not on an all-organic diet." Which of the following is a plausible confounding variable in this study?
A) Parents' social-economic status
B) School start times
C) The quality of the non-organic diet
D) All of these
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

All of these factors could influence the study's outcome, as they can affect children's alertness independently of their diet.

Question 12

The two-way table below shows the survey results when sixty adults were asked whether they had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days. $$\begin{array} { l | c | c } 
& \text { Male } & \text { Female } \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Purchased clothing in the last thirty } \
\text { days. }
\end{array} & 10 & 29 \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Had not purchased clothing in the } \
\text { last thirty days. }
\end{array} & 10 & 11
\end{array}$$
-Of the adult males surveyed, what percentage had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days?
A) 35%
B) 50%
C) 65%
D) 33%

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two-way table below shows the survey...

Question 13

In a sample of 800 first-year college students, 72% said that they check their Facebook page at least three times a day. How many students is this?
A) 576
B) 72
C) 224
D) Not enough information available.

Accepted Answer

To find how many students check their Facebook page at least three times a day, we multiply the percentage (72%) by the total number of students (800):

0.72 x 800 = 576

Therefore, 576 students check their Facebook page at least three times a day.

Question 14

In a study of 1050 adults, 175 out of the 650 women in the study said that they preferred to drive a SUV to driving a compact car.
-What is the approximate percentage of study participants who are women in this study who said that they prefer to drive a SUV to driving a compact car?
A) 16.7%
B) 61.9%
C) 26.9%

Accepted Answer

First, find the total number of women in the study:
650 women

Next, find the number of women who prefer to drive an SUV:
175 women

Finally, calculate the percentage:
(175/650) x 100 ≈ 26.9%

Therefore, the approximate percentage of study participants who are women in this study who said that they prefer to drive a SUV to driving a compact car is 26.9%.

Question 15

Consider the following statement "My child was bullied on the school bus and so was my neighbors child, so obviously, bullying is a big problem on school buses and something needs to be done about it!" What is wrong with this statement?
A) The person making the statement confused correlation with causation.
B) The statement exhibits bias.
C) The statement is anecdotal.
D) None of these--the statement is valid.

Accepted Answer

The statement is anecdotal because it relies on personal experiences rather than statistical evidence to make a general claim about bullying on school buses.

Question 16

Consider the following statement, "Babies who breastfeed are less likely to grow into children with behavioral problems by the time they reach age 5 than those who receive formula milk." Which of the following is a plausible confounding variable in this study?
A) Mothers social-economic status
B) The age at which breastfeeding ends
C) The quality of the formula milk
D) All of these
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

All of these are plausible confounding variables because they could be related to both breastfeeding and behavioral problems. For example, mothers with higher socioeconomic status may be more likely to breastfeed their children and also to provide them with a more stimulating and supportive environment, which could lead to fewer behavioral problems. Similarly, children who are breastfed for a longer period of time may be less likely to have behavioral problems because they have had more exposure to the protective factors in breast milk. Finally, the quality of the formula milk could also affect a child's behavior, as some formulas may contain ingredients that are linked to behavioral problems.

Question 17

Suppose you are presented with a dataset containing the ages of 50 randomly selected adults and the amount of money they spent at a certain grocery store on a certain day. Which of following questions do not need to be asked about the dataset?
A) Who collected the data?
B) Were the names of respondents recorded so that they could be contacted later if necessary?
C) How was the data collected?
D) Why was the data collected?

Accepted Answer

The names of respondents are not necessary for analyzing the dataset, as the focus is on the relationship between age and spending, not on identifying individuals.

Question 18

In a survey, married couples were asked, "Do you have children?" The response was electronically recorded as a "1" for yes and a "0" for no. This is an example of_{--------------------} . A) Unstacked numerical data B) Random sample C) Coded categorical data D) None of these

Accepted Answer

The responses "1" for yes and "0" for no are numerical codes representing categorical data, hence it is coded categorical data.

Question 19

The two-way table below shows the survey results when sixty adults were asked whether they had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days. $$\begin{array} { l | c | c } 
& \text { Male } & \text { Female } \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Purchased clothing in the last thirty } \
\text { days. }
\end{array} & 10 & 29 \
\hline \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Had not purchased clothing in the } \
\text { last thirty days. }
\end{array} & 10 & 11
\end{array}$$
-What percentage of the sample had not made a clothing purchase in the past thirty days?
A) 35%
B) 50%
C) 65%
D) 33%

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two-way table below shows the survey...

Question 20

The ethnicity of the individual respondents in a political poll of a randomly selected group of adults is an example of what type of variable?
A) Categorical variable
B) Numerical variable
C) Neither

Accepted Answer

The ethnicity variable is categorical because it consists of categories or labels that cannot be arithmetically manipulated. It is not numerical because it does not represent a quantity.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Data

The deacons at a local church surveyed the congregation to find out if members would be willing to fund a new construction project. In this example, what is the population of interest?

Indicate whether the study described is an observational study or a controlled experiment. -The smoking rates of teens in urban areas are compared to those living in rural areas to see whether teens living in rural settings have higher rates of smoking.

In a study of 900 adults, 45 out of the 325 men in the study said that they preferred to rent a movie on DVD rather than going out to a movie theater. -What is the approximate percentage of women who participated in this study?

A group of college students was given a new energy drink then asked to record their level of alertness at midday. In this example,_{--------------------} is the treatment variable and_{--------------------} is the outcome variable.

In a study of 1050 adults, 175 out of the 650 women in the study said that they preferred to drive a SUV to driving a compact car. -What is the approximate percentage of study participants who are women?

In a study of 900 adults, 45 out of the 325 men in the study said that they preferred to rent a movie on DVD rather than going out to a movie theater. -What is the approximate percentage of men in this study who prefer to rent a movie on DVD?

Which of the following is not an example of data?

Choose the best answer to complete the statement: "In a statistical context, the term variable is used. . ."

Consider the following statement, "In a nationwide study, children on an all-organic diet are more alert in school than those not on an all-organic diet." Which of the following is a plausible confounding variable in this study?

In a sample of 800 first-year college students, 72% said that they check their Facebook page at least three times a day. How many students is this?

In a study of 1050 adults, 175 out of the 650 women in the study said that they preferred to drive a SUV to driving a compact car. -What is the approximate percentage of study participants who are women in this study who said that they prefer to drive a SUV to driving a compact car?

Consider the following statement "My child was bullied on the school bus and so was my neighbors child, so obviously, bullying is a big problem on school buses and something needs to be done about it!" What is wrong with this statement?

Consider the following statement, "Babies who breastfeed are less likely to grow into children with behavioral problems by the time they reach age 5 than those who receive formula milk." Which of the following is a plausible confounding variable in this study?

Suppose you are presented with a dataset containing the ages of 50 randomly selected adults and the amount of money they spent at a certain grocery store on a certain day. Which of following questions do not need to be asked about the dataset?

In a survey, married couples were asked, "Do you have children?" The response was electronically recorded as a "1" for yes and a "0" for no. This is an example of_{--------------------} .

The ethnicity of the individual respondents in a political poll of a randomly selected group of adults is an example of what type of variable?