Question 1

A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker to prevent angina (chest pain), by decreasing the demand for oxygen. Explain why.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is prescribed a calcium channel...

Question 2

The papillary muscles contract after the other ventricular muscles so that they can take up the slack on the chordae tendineae before the full force of ventricular contractions sends blood against the AV valve flaps.

Accepted Answer

The papillary muscles contract simultaneously with the ventricular muscles to maintain tension on the chordae tendineae, preventing the AV valve flaps from inverting during ventricular contraction.

Question 3

A Doppler ultrasound was performed on an infant who had symptoms of breathlessness and it was found that he had a patent ductus arteriosus. Discuss the location and function of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus and relate it to the reason for the infant's breathlessness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A Doppler ultrasound was performed on an...

Question 4

Asystole is the total absence of ventricular electrical activity. Explain why defibrillation would not be effective in this situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Asystole is the total absence of ventricular...

Question 5

Autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers found in the pons.

Accepted Answer

Autonomic regulation of heart rate is primarily controlled by the medulla oblongata, not the pons. The medulla oblongata contains the cardiac control center, which regulates heart rate through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 6

An ECG provides direct information about valve function.

Accepted Answer

An ECG (electrocardiogram) measures the electrical activity of the heart and does not directly assess valve function. Valve function is typically evaluated using echocardiography or other imaging techniques.

Question 7

A patient takes a nitroglycerin tablet sublingually for chest pain. Nitroglycerin acts directly on smooth muscle, producing relaxation and vessel dilation. How would this relieve chest pain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient takes a nitroglycerin tablet sublingually...

Question 8

A 55- year- old male was admitted to the hospital with heart failure. He complains of increasing shortness of breath on exertion and needing to sleep on three pillows at night. On physical assessment, the nurse determines that his ankles and feet are very swollen. Which of these symptoms reflect left- sided heart failure and which reflect right- sided heart failure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 55- year- old male was admitted...

Question 9

A patient was admitted to the hospital with chest pains. On admission, his pulse was 110 and blood pressure was 96/64. According to his history, his normal pulse rate is usually between 80 and 88 and his blood pressure runs from 120/70 to 130/80. Explain why these changes in BP and HR occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient was admitted to the hospital...

Question 10

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.

Accepted Answer

The coronary arteries supply blood to the myocardium, which is the muscular tissue of the heart.

Question 11

An older woman complains of shortness of breath and intermittent fainting spells. Her doctor runs various tests and finds that the AV node is not functioning properly. What is the suggested treatment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An older woman complains of shortness of...

Question 12

A 14- year- old girl undergoing a physical examination prior to being admitted to summer camp was found to have a loud diastolic murmur at the second intercostal space to the left side of the sternum. Explain the reason for the loud heart murmur associated with this girl's condition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 14- year- old girl undergoing a...

Question 13

Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle.

Accepted Answer

Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches function as collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle, which can be beneficial in the event of blockages or narrowing in certain branches of the coronary arteries.

Question 14

A man enters the hospital complaining of chest pain. His history includes smoking, a stressful job, a diet heavy in saturated fats, lack of exercise, and high blood pressure. Although he is not suffering from a heart attack, his doctor explains to him that a heart attack is quite possible. What did the chest pain indicate? Why is this man a prime candidate for a heart attack?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A man enters the hospital complaining of...

Quiz 18: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart