Question 1

The nurse is attending to a client during a follow-up visit after knee injections with a steroid for arthritis. The client asks about delayed healing of lesions on the knees from a fall. Which is the best answer?
A)"The injected corticosteroid delays the healing process."
B)"Amitriptyline, an antidepressant, delays the healing process."
C)"Naproxen, an NSAID, delays the healing process."
D)"Acetaminophen, an anti-inflammatory, delays the healing process."

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids can delay wound healing by inhibiting inflammation, which is a crucial part of the body's process to repair tissue damage.

Question 2

The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with fever. The white blood cell count of the client is 15,000 cells/mL. Which condition has the client developed?
A)Leukocytosis
B)Leukopenia
C)Neutrophilia
D)Monocytes

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis is the condition characterized by an increased number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood, typically above the normal range of 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mL. A WBC count of 15,000 cells/mL indicates leukocytosis, often seen in response to infections, inflammation, or other stimuli.

Question 3

A client develops an infection after dental implant surgery. Which condition is the client likely to develop if the infection is left untreated?
A)Septicemia
B)Anthracosis
C)Tuberculosis
D)Osteomyelitis

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

The nurse is performing a prescribed dressing change on an abdominal incision that is 2 days postoperative. The nurse notices the incision is dry, well approximated, and pink in color. A slight warmth is detected when the incision is touched. Which phase of wound healing does the nurse recognize?
A)Hemostasis
B)Inflammation
C)Proliferation
D)Remodeling

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described (dry, well approximated, pink color, and slight warmth) are indicative of the inflammation phase of wound healing. This phase occurs shortly after the injury, aiming to control bleeding (hemostasis) and eliminate bacteria, which is why warmth and redness can be present due to increased blood flow to the area.

Question 5

A nurse is teaching a client with a decubitus ulcer about the nutrients required for wound healing. Which statement made by the client indicates effective learning?
A)"Consuming orange juice will improve wound healing."
B)"Consuming dairy products will encourage rapid wound healing."
C)"Adding zinc to the diet will help prevent wound infection."
D)"Taking vitamin K will reduce the risk of decubitus ulcers."

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C, found in orange juice, is essential for collagen synthesis and wound healing.

Question 6

Which bacterium proliferates quickly due to ischemia?
A)Clostridium perfringens
B)Treponema pallidum
C)Mycobacteria tuberculi
D)Escherichia coli

Accepted Answer

Clostridium perfringens is known for its rapid proliferation in conditions of ischemia, often leading to gas gangrene. This is because it is an anaerobic bacterium that thrives in environments where oxygen levels are low, such as in ischemic tissues.

Question 7

A toddler is brought to the hospital with fever. Reports reveal the client has developed an acute infection. Which nursing intervention does the nurse implement for the client?
A)Administer a pediatric dose of aspirin.
B)Administer a salicylate-based NSAID.
C)Administer the prescribed dose of ibuprofen.
D)Administer the prescribed antibiotic therapy.

Accepted Answer

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to reduce fever and inflammation. It is the preferred NSAID for children because it is less likely to cause side effects than aspirin or other salicylate-based NSAIDs.

Question 8

A client was brought to the hospital with wounds sustained from a bicycling accident. Which initial clinical intervention does the nurse carry out to facilitate optimal wound healing?
A)Irrigating vigorously
B)Cleansing with dressing changes
C)Removing foreign matter
D)Monitoring for infection

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client was brought to the hospital...

Question 9

Which component of the blood does the nurse associate with surrounding and consuming foreign material?
A)White blood cells
B)Blood plasma
C)Red blood cells
D)Blood platelets

Accepted Answer

White blood cells are part of the immune system and are primarily responsible for defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials through processes like phagocytosis, where they engulf and digest foreign invaders.

Question 10

A client reports fever and shortness of breath and is diagnosed with pneumonia. A complete blood count with differential shows a white blood count of 16,000 cells/mL with 90% neutrophils, 2% eosinophils, and 1% basophils. Which specific condition has the client developed?
A)Viral pneumonia
B)Bacterial pneumonia
C)Seasonal influenza
D)Systemic lupus erythematosus

Accepted Answer

The elevated white blood cell count (16,000 cells/mL) with a high percentage of neutrophils (90%) is indicative of a bacterial infection, which in the context of fever and shortness of breath, suggests bacterial pneumonia.

Question 11

A client reports persistent cough. The nurse suspects the client may have developed tuberculosis (TB). Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe to confirm this condition?
A)TB skin test
B)X-ray of the lungs
C)White blood cell (WBC) differentiation
D)Electrocardiogram

Accepted Answer

A chest X-ray is commonly used to detect active tuberculosis in the lungs, as it can show characteristic changes associated with TB infection.

Question 12

The nurse recognizes which physiologic manifestation of acute inflammation?
A)The predominance of neutrophils
B)The predominance of monocytes
C)The predominance of lymphocytes
D)The predominance of macrophages

Accepted Answer

The predominance of neutrophils is a hallmark of acute inflammation. Neutrophils are the first type of white blood cell to respond to an inflammatory stimulus, acting quickly to fight infection and facilitate the inflammatory process.

Question 13

While assessing the vital signs of an adult client, the nurse records a blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg and body temperature as 103°F. The client's complete blood count value indicates the presence of an acute infection. Which is the best nursing intervention for the nurse to implement?
A)Administer aspirin to reduce fever.
B)Monitor for additional vital sign changes.
C)Place cold compresses on the neck and forehead.
D)Call the health-care provider for fever management.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While assessing the vital signs of an...

Question 14

An older adult client is receiving care for a stage IV pressure injury. The client is below normal weight, has an oxygen saturation of 90%, and has a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which nursing intervention does the nurse include in the client's plan of care?
A)Research methods of improving nutrition
B)Implement a schedule for repositioning
C)Seek a prescription for oxygen therapy
D)Review blood glucose therapy effectiveness

Accepted Answer

Repositioning is crucial for preventing further pressure injuries and promoting healing, especially in a client with a stage IV pressure injury.

Question 15

Which component enables the blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable during the vascular phase of inflammation?
A)White blood corpuscles
B)Blood platelets
C)Inflammatory mediators
D)C-reactive proteins

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory mediators such as histamines, bradykinin, and prostaglandins are responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels during the vascular phase of inflammation. These mediators act on the blood vessels to allow more blood flow and enable immune cells to reach the site of injury or infection more easily.

Question 16

A registered nurse is teaching a client about the effects of nutrition on wound healing. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
A)"I will need dietary supplements for healing."
B)"Fats are essential for wound healing."
C)"A protein-rich diet is followed after surgery."
D)"Vitamins are essential for wound healing."

Accepted Answer

Dietary supplements may not always be necessary for wound healing if a balanced diet is consumed. The need for supplements should be assessed based on individual dietary intake and nutritional status. Essential nutrients for wound healing include proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, which can often be obtained through a balanced diet.

Question 17

A client who recently underwent an abdominal surgery is scheduled for an immediate surgery due to a wound-healing complication. Which complication of healing is the client likely to have developed?
A)Dehiscence
B)Evisceration
C)Keloid
D)Adhesions

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client who recently underwent an abdominal...

Question 18

During an inflammatory response, which components are involved in a respiratory burst from the mitochondria?
A)Eosinophils
B)Basophils
C)Free radicals
D)Lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

Free radicals are produced during a respiratory burst, which is part of the inflammatory response to destroy pathogens. This process involves the rapid release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondria.

Question 19

An ultrasound performed on a client shows an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus. Which term does the nurse use to describe the complication?
A)Evisceration
B)Fistula
C)Stricture
D)Contracture

Accepted Answer

A fistula is an abnormal connection between two body parts, such as the trachea and esophagus, which is described in the scenario.

Question 20

While caring for an obese client who has undergone an abdominal surgery, the nurse notices the client has bouts of vomiting. For which complication of healing is the client at risk?
A)Dehiscence
B)Pressure ulcers
C)Adhesions
D)Keloids

Accepted Answer

Dehiscence, the partial or complete separation of wound edges, can be exacerbated by vomiting due to the increased abdominal pressure it causes, especially after abdominal surgery.

Quiz 9: Infection and Inflammation

The nurse is attending to a client during a follow-up visit after knee injections with a steroid for arthritis. The client asks about delayed healing of lesions on the knees from a fall. Which is the best answer?

The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with fever. The white blood cell count of the client is 15,000 cells/mL. Which condition has the client developed?

A client develops an infection after dental implant surgery. Which condition is the client likely to develop if the infection is left untreated?

The nurse is performing a prescribed dressing change on an abdominal incision that is 2 days postoperative. The nurse notices the incision is dry, well approximated, and pink in color. A slight warmth is detected when the incision is touched. Which phase of wound healing does the nurse recognize?

A nurse is teaching a client with a decubitus ulcer about the nutrients required for wound healing. Which statement made by the client indicates effective learning?

Which bacterium proliferates quickly due to ischemia?

A toddler is brought to the hospital with fever. Reports reveal the client has developed an acute infection. Which nursing intervention does the nurse implement for the client?

A client was brought to the hospital with wounds sustained from a bicycling accident. Which initial clinical intervention does the nurse carry out to facilitate optimal wound healing?

Which component of the blood does the nurse associate with surrounding and consuming foreign material?

A client reports fever and shortness of breath and is diagnosed with pneumonia. A complete blood count with differential shows a white blood count of 16,000 cells/mL with 90% neutrophils, 2% eosinophils, and 1% basophils. Which specific condition has the client developed?

A client reports persistent cough. The nurse suspects the client may have developed tuberculosis (TB) . Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe to confirm this condition?

The nurse recognizes which physiologic manifestation of acute inflammation?

While assessing the vital signs of an adult client, the nurse records a blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg and body temperature as 103°F. The client's complete blood count value indicates the presence of an acute infection. Which is the best nursing intervention for the nurse to implement?

An older adult client is receiving care for a stage IV pressure injury. The client is below normal weight, has an oxygen saturation of 90%, and has a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which nursing intervention does the nurse include in the client's plan of care?

Which component enables the blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable during the vascular phase of inflammation?

A registered nurse is teaching a client about the effects of nutrition on wound healing. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

A client who recently underwent an abdominal surgery is scheduled for an immediate surgery due to a wound-healing complication. Which complication of healing is the client likely to have developed?

During an inflammatory response, which components are involved in a respiratory burst from the mitochondria?

An ultrasound performed on a client shows an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus. Which term does the nurse use to describe the complication?

While caring for an obese client who has undergone an abdominal surgery, the nurse notices the client has bouts of vomiting. For which complication of healing is the client at risk?