Question 1

Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe.When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves.Christine is an) _____ leader.
A)Authoritarian
B)Democratic
C)Laissez-faire
D)Republican

Accepted Answer

Christine's leadership style is laissez-faire because she allows her troupe to make decisions on their own without her direct intervention or control. This approach is characterized by a hands-off attitude, letting group members operate with a high degree of autonomy.

Question 2

Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets.The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows.Sandy is part of an):
A)Dyad
B)Triad
C)In-group
D)Aggregate

Accepted Answer

Sandy is part of an aggregate, which is a collection of individuals who are in the same place at the same time but do not necessarily interact or share a sense of identity.

Question 3

A total institution can be defined as:
A)A business which offers career advice for federal employees.
B)A group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making.
C)A clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy.
D)An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.

Accepted Answer

Total institutions are places where people are isolated from the rest of society and controlled by the administrative staff. These include prisons, military boot camps, and some mental institutions, where the goal is often to fundamentally change individuals' behaviors and identities.

Question 4

The United States Government is a form of:
A)A bureaucracy
B)A coercive organization
C)A total institution
D)A normative organization

Accepted Answer

The United States Government is a form of a bureaucracy, characterized by a hierarchical structure, a set of administrative policies and procedures, and a division of labor.

Question 5

The McDonalidization of Society refers to:
A)The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.
B)The obesity epidemic that's rapidly sweeping the United States.
C)The country's increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal.
D)The increasing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths.

Accepted Answer

The term "McDonaldization of Society" refers to the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world. This includes efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control through technology. It does not directly refer to obesity, dependence on fast food for meals, or the popularity of McDonald's as a social space, but rather to the broader impact of fast-food principles on various aspects of society.

Question 6

Which of the following does NOT constitute cyberbullying?
A)Sending threatening text messages
B)Posting embarrassing images a person online
C)Sending threatening letters to someone's home
D)Hacking someone's account and pretending to be him or her

Accepted Answer

Cyberbullying involves the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. Sending threatening letters to someone's home does not involve electronic communication, hence it does not constitute cyberbullying.

Question 7

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?
A)A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.
B)A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships.
C)A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships.
D)A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.

Accepted Answer

Primary groups are characterized by close, personal, and face-to-face relationships, often small in size, such as family and close friends. Secondary groups are larger, more impersonal, and often goal-oriented, such as a workplace or an association.

Question 8

In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks.Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?
A)Authoritarian
B)Democratic
C)Laissez-faire
D)Oligarchy

Accepted Answer

In the film, Mark Zuckerberg is depicted as a leader who is very much in control, making decisions, and directing his team on what needs to be done. This approach aligns with the Authoritarian leadership style, where the leader makes decisions independently with little to no input from team members.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:
A)Organizations across a college campus come together at a yearly fundraiser to raise money for the local Breast Cancer Awareness chapter.
B)Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.
C)Chorus members of the campus's production of Hairspray practice in Theatre building's first floor, while the cast of God of Carnage practices on the second floor.
D)The Chemistry Club advertises their organization at the local science fair.

Accepted Answer

In-group/out-group dynamics involve favoring one's own group (in-group) while excluding or discriminating against others (out-group). Choice B illustrates this by showing how members of one sorority are advised not to socialize with members of a rival sorority, creating a clear in-group (Delta Delta Delta) and out-group (Sigma Delta Theta) dynamic.

Question 10

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer.Justin is about to become a member of a:
A)Voluntary organization
B)Paparazzi organization
C)Utilitarian organization
D)Coercive organization

Accepted Answer

Justin's enrollment in a community college for the purpose of becoming an engineer classifies as joining a utilitarian organization, which are organizations people join to pursue a specific material reward, in this case, an education and career in engineering.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy:
A)Clear division of labor
B)Impersonality
C)Explicit rules
D)Personality-based promotion

Accepted Answer

Bureaucracies are characterized by a clear division of labor, impersonality, and explicit rules. Personality-based promotion is not a characteristic of a bureaucracy; instead, promotion is typically based on merit or seniority.

Question 12

Grace works in at an advertising agency.Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research.Her coworkers are serving an):
A)Expressive function
B)Intrinsic function
C)Elementary function
D)Instrumental function

Accepted Answer

Grace's coworkers are serving an instrumental function by helping her with tasks such as completing presentations, contacting clients, and assisting with research. Instrumental functions are practical actions that help achieve a goal or complete tasks.

Question 13

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:
A)A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely.
B)The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation.
C)The authoritarian devalue of an employee.
D)A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.

Accepted Answer

Meritocracy refers to a system where individuals advance based on their abilities, skills, and achievements, rather than on their social status or personal connections.

Question 14

The concept "reference groups" can be defined as:
A)Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain.
B)Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity.
C)People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way.
D)Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.

Accepted Answer

Reference groups are those groups to which an individual compares themselves, influencing their behaviors and attitudes. These groups serve as a standard for guiding or evaluating their values, attitudes, and behaviors, but the individual does not necessarily have to be a member of these groups.

Question 15

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:
A)They are too weak to decide for themselves.
B)The group is better informed than they are.
C)Dissent is a form of weakness.
D)Large groups never make mistakes.

Accepted Answer

Asch's experiments on conformity found that one reason people conform is because they believe the group is better informed than they are, especially in ambiguous situations where the correct answer is not clear.

Question 16

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well.Kellan's behavior is an example of:
A)Consumer-oriented discretion
B)Laissez-faire leadership
C)Conformity
D)Out-group dynamics

Accepted Answer

Kellan's decision to shop at Pacific Sun because his friends do is an example of conformity, which is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms or politics.

Question 17

An instrumental leader:
A)Promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported.
B)Refers to the main focus or goal of the leader.
C)Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.
D)Rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

Accepted Answer

An instrumental leader is primarily focused on achieving specific objectives and tasks, making them goal-oriented. This type of leadership emphasizes the importance of meeting targets and organizing work efficiently to accomplish goals.

Question 18

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team.He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom.Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____.
A)Out-group
B)Reference group
C)Aggregate
D)Secondary group

Accepted Answer

Michael's basketball team is serving as his reference group because he is using them as a standard or point of reference for how he should behave in various social situations. Reference groups influence norms, values, and behaviors.

Question 19

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction.The socialite is about to become a member of a:
A)Voluntary organization
B)Paparazzi organization
C)Utilitarian organization
D)Coercive organization

Accepted Answer

The socialite is being forced to enter a rehabilitation center due to a court order, which makes it a coercive organization. Coercive organizations are characterized by membership that is not freely chosen but imposed or obligatory, such as prisons or certain rehabilitation centers mandated by law.

Question 20

When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities.This is an example of:
A)In-Group/Out-Group dynamic
B)The McDonaldization of Society
C)A bureaucracy
D)Counter-culture

Accepted Answer

The presence of familiar global brands like Burger King, H&M, and Wal-Mart in foreign cities exemplifies "The McDonaldization of Society," a term coined by sociologist George Ritzer to describe the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions, leading to a homogenization of cultural expressions across the globe.

Quiz 6: Groups and Organization

Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe.When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves.Christine is an) _____ leader.

Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets.The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows.Sandy is part of an) :

A total institution can be defined as:

The United States Government is a form of:

The McDonalidization of Society refers to:

Which of the following does NOT constitute cyberbullying?

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?

In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks.Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer.Justin is about to become a member of a:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy:

Grace works in at an advertising agency.Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research.Her coworkers are serving an) :

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:

The concept "reference groups" can be defined as:

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well.Kellan's behavior is an example of:

An instrumental leader:

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team.He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom.Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____.

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction.The socialite is about to become a member of a:

When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities.This is an example of: