Question 1

Which of the following sequences is considered an STR?
A) TACGTACGTACG
B) TATTACGCCG
C) CGTATTATGC
D) CCCCCGGGGG
E) A and B

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

The human genome contains approximately ________ genes.
A) 10,000
B) 20,000
C) 40,000
D) 100,000
E) 80,000

Accepted Answer

The human genome contains approximately 20,000 to 25,000 genes, which are responsible for coding the proteins necessary for human life.

Question 3

A key issue being considered by the bioethics program ELSI is
A) the fair use of genetic information.
B) maintaining the privacy of genetic information.
C) effective use of genetic information in a clinical setting.
D) professional and public education.
E) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The ELSI program addresses a broad range of ethical, legal, and social issues related to the use of genetic information, including fair use, privacy, clinical application, and education.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about genomes is false?
A) Genes make up most of the DNA of prokaryotes.
B) The human genome contains several genes of bacterial origin.
C) Most of the human genome consists of coding DNA.
D) Eukaryotes generally have far lower gene density than prokaryotes.
E) Genomes show a general trend of increasing complexity with complexity of organism.

Accepted Answer

Most of the human genome consists of non-coding DNA, not coding DNA.

Question 5

In a sequenced genome, candidate protein-encoding genes are identified by searching for
A) ESTs.
B) ORFs.
C) SNPs.
D) STRs.
E) RFLPs.

Accepted Answer

Open Reading Frames (ORFs) are sequences in the genome that have the potential to be translated into proteins, making them key indicators of protein-encoding genes.

Question 6

Announcement of the first draft sequence of the complete human genome was a monumental moment in the history of genetics. This announcement was made
A) April 2003.
B) February 1997.
C) February 2001.
D) April 1953.
E) August 2000.

Accepted Answer

The first draft sequence of the complete human genome was announced in February 2001 by the Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics.

Question 7

Which type of cloning vector is commonly used in the construction of contig maps?
A) Plasmids
B) BACs
C) Viruses
D) YACs
E) B and D

Accepted Answer

BACs (Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes) and YACs (Yeast Artificial Chromosomes) are commonly used in the construction of contig maps due to their ability to carry large DNA fragments, which is essential for mapping large genomes.

Question 8

Which of the following restriction enzymes is most useful as a tool in genome sequencing?
A) HindIII
B) BamHI
C) HpaII
D) EcoRI
E) NotI

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following restriction enzymes is...

Question 9

The first complete genome sequenced was that of
A) Mus musculus.
B) Methanococcus.
C) the human mitochondrion.
D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
E) Escherichia coli.

Accepted Answer

The first complete genome sequenced was that of the human mitochondrion in 1981.

Question 10

RFLPs arise by
A) changes in the number of tandem repeats.
B) base changes that add or delete restriction enzyme recognition sites.
C) addition or deletion of bases between restriction enzyme recognition sites.
D) A, B, and C
E) B and C only

Accepted Answer

The answer of RFLPs arise by
A) changes in the number...

Question 11

Expressed sequence tags, or ESTs,
A) are genetic markers generated from cDNA.
B) oligonucleotides derived from mRNA.
C) pertain to expressed genes only.
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are short, single-pass cDNA sequences that are generated from mRNA. They are used to identify and characterize genes, and to study gene expression. ESTs are typically generated from cDNA libraries, which are collections of cloned cDNA molecules that represent the expressed genes in a particular cell or tissue.

Question 12

The human genome consists mostly of noncoding DNA.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The majority of the human genome (approximately 98%) is made up of noncoding DNA, which does not code for proteins. Only a small fraction of the genome (approximately 2%) contains genes that code for proteins.

Question 13

Candidate open reading frames of a genome are identified by searching for
A) a start codon "in frame" with a stop codon.
B) a promoter.
C) a start codon.
D) introns and exons.
E) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Open reading frames (ORFs) are identified by finding a start codon "in frame" with a stop codon, indicating a potential protein-coding sequence.

Question 14

The ________ method was used by the Celera Genomics corporation to sequence the human genome.
A) clone contig
B) radiation hybrid
C) pedigree analysis
D) FISH
E) direct shotgun

Accepted Answer

Celera Genomics used the direct shotgun sequencing method to sequence the human genome, which involves randomly breaking up DNA sequences into small pieces and then reassembling them.

Question 15

In a clone-contig mapping experiment, four clones were obtained with the following STS markers: Clone 1: O P G E Clone 2: A C D M Clone 3: X O P Clone 4: D M N X O The order of the markers in this part of the genome is:
A) X O P A C G E D M N.
B) O P G E A C D M X P.
C) A C D M N X O P G E.
D) A C D M O P G E N X.
E) D M N X O A C D P G E.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a clone-contig mapping experiment, four clones...

Question 16

Genetic distances associated with genetic maps are generally obtained
A) by determining the number of chromosomes in the genome.
B) by assessing the location of chromosomes in the nucleus.
C) by an analysis of the frequency of recombination between genes.
D) by counting the number of base pairs between restriction sites.
E) by sequencing the genome.

Accepted Answer

Genetic distances in genetic maps are typically determined by analyzing the frequency of recombination between genes, which reflects how often crossing over occurs between them during meiosis.

Question 17

The subfield of genomics that deals with gene expression and interaction is
A) hypothetical genomics.
B) functional genomics.
C) expression genomics.
D) structural genomics.
E) comparative genomics.

Accepted Answer

Functional genomics focuses on understanding the roles and interactions of genes, including gene expression and how genes contribute to biological processes.

Question 18

A genetic map shows
A) the relative distance between genes on chromosomes.
B) the location of genes on chromosomes.
C) the genetic component of key phenotypic traits.
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

A genetic map shows the relative distance between genes on chromosomes (A) and the location of genes on chromosomes (B). It does not directly show the genetic component of key phenotypic traits (C).

Question 19

A SNP represents a change in
A) a three-nucleotide sequence.
B) the number of restriction sites.
C) the number of nucleotides between restriction sites.
D) the number of tandem repeats.
E) none of the above.

Accepted Answer

A SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) represents a change in a single nucleotide, not any of the options listed.

Question 20

________ were the first class of genetic marker developed by geneticists.
A) microsatellites
B) RFLPs
C) SNPs
D) STRs
E) VNTRs

Accepted Answer

RFLPs (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms) were the first class of genetic markers developed by geneticists in the 1970s.

Quiz 18: Recombinant DNA Technology

Which of the following sequences is considered an STR?

The human genome contains approximately ________ genes.

A key issue being considered by the bioethics program ELSI is

Which of the following statements about genomes is false?

In a sequenced genome, candidate protein-encoding genes are identified by searching for

Announcement of the first draft sequence of the complete human genome was a monumental moment in the history of genetics. This announcement was made

Which type of cloning vector is commonly used in the construction of contig maps?

Which of the following restriction enzymes is most useful as a tool in genome sequencing?

The first complete genome sequenced was that of

RFLPs arise by

Expressed sequence tags, or ESTs,

The human genome consists mostly of noncoding DNA.

Candidate open reading frames of a genome are identified by searching for

The ________ method was used by the Celera Genomics corporation to sequence the human genome.

In a clone-contig mapping experiment, four clones were obtained with the following STS markers: Clone 1: O P G E Clone 2: A C D M Clone 3: X O P Clone 4: D M N X O The order of the markers in this part of the genome is:

Genetic distances associated with genetic maps are generally obtained

The subfield of genomics that deals with gene expression and interaction is

A genetic map shows

A SNP represents a change in

________ were the first class of genetic marker developed by geneticists.