Question 1

If you want to prevent chromatin loops from being anchored to the chromosome scaffold, which regions of the DNA would you target?

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Question 2

Chromosomal translocation involves chromosome breakage and reattachment of the broken segment to a ________chromosome.

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Question 3

What are the two common patterns of chromosome segregation seen in the tetravalent structures found in translocation heterozygotes?

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Question 4

There is clear evidence that chromatin state is directly related to the ability of transcriptionally active proteins to initiate gene transcription. Compare and contrast euchromatin to heterochromatin in the context of transcription.

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Question 5

Nucleosomes are comprised of how many molecules of histones?

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Question 6

After DNA replication, during reassembly of nucleosomes, the________tetramers are bound by H2A- H2B dimers to form complete nucleosomes.

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Question 7

Which proteins would you target if you wanted to disrupt the chromosome superstructure for chromatin condensation that ultimately produces the characteristic shape of the metaphase chromosome?

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Question 8

The figure shows the structure of a series of fruit fly deletion mutants. The gap in each line represents the segment of the chromosome that is deleted in each mutant. Stains that were heterozygous for each deletion mutation and a point mutation (A, B, C, D, E, and
F) were created and analyzed for wild- type (+) or mutant (- ) phenotypes. The results of the analyses are shown in the table.

$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \text { Deletion } & \mathrm{A} & \mathrm{B} & \mathrm{C} & \mathrm{D} & \mathrm{E} & \mathrm{F} \
\hline \text { Deletion 1 } & + & - & + & - & + & - \
\hline \text { Deletion 2 } & + & + & - & + & - & + \
\hline \text { Deletion 3 } & - & + & - & + & - & - \
\hline \text { Deletion 4 } & - & + & + & + & + & + \
\hline \text { Deletion 5 } & - & - & + & + & - & - \
\hline
\end{array}$

Which of the following is the correct order of the six point mutations on the chromosome?

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Question 9

In individuals heterozygous for a reciprocal balanced translocation, adjacent- 2 segregation of tetravalent structures is very rare since it requires which type of centromeres to move to the same pole of the cell at anaphase I?

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Question 10

What is the name of the structure formed when the 10 nm fibers of chromatin form a cylindrical filament of coiled nucleosomes?

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Question 11

_________is rare and occurs most commonly when repetitive regions of homologous chromosomes misalign, resulting in partial deletions and partial duplications.

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Question 12

Eukaryotic chromosomes are a combination of proteins and DNA, which allows the cell to perform which four essential functions?

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Question 13

Histone proteins are the principal agents in chromatin packaging. The nucleosome core particle is a heterooctam protein complex that contains two molecules each of the four histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Describe the proce managing existing nucleosome core particles during replication and the process of adding these and new nucleo core particles to DNA after the replication
fork passes.

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Question 14

The phenomenon of _____________ in allopolyploids consists of more rapid growth, increased fruit and flower production, and improved disease resistance.

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Question 15

How is aneuploidy different from polyploidy? What are the mechanisms by which aneuploidy and polyploidy are caused, and what are the consequences of these chromosomal alterations in terms of survival and fertility of the offspring?

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Question 16

Describe two mechanisms for causing uniparental disomy, and explain how this chromosomal defect is involved in Prader- Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome.

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Question 17

________is used to map genes in deleted chromosome regions by a method known as deletion mapping. It is a genetic phenomenon that occurs when a normally recessive allele is "unmasked" and expressed in the phenotype because the dominant allele on the homologous chromosome has been deleted.

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Quiz 10: Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd