Question 1

About how many milligrams of caffeine are in an 8-ounce cup of instant coffee?

Accepted Answer

An 8-ounce cup of instant coffee typically contains between 65 to 100 milligrams of caffeine, which falls within the range provided in option B.

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding the use of anabolic/androgenic steroids (AAS) is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) is false because research has indeed found that anabolic/androgenic steroids can improve muscle strength, not just increase muscle size.

Question 3

As a potential ergogenic aid, sodium bicarbonate would be most likely suited to which type of athlete?

Accepted Answer

Sodium bicarbonate is most effective for activities that involve high-intensity efforts lasting from 1 to 7 minutes, such as the 400 meter run, where it can help buffer lactic acid and delay fatigue.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding the use of prohormone dietary supplements, such as androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone, is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement that almost all studies show dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione increase muscle mass, strength, and power is false. Research has not consistently supported these claims, and the effectiveness of these supplements in enhancing athletic performance remains controversial.

Question 5

According to substantial research, which of the following herbal sport supplements has been shown to be very effective as a means to enhance aerobic endurance exercise performance?

Accepted Answer

None of the above options have been conclusively proven through substantial research to be very effective in enhancing aerobic endurance exercise performance. While some studies suggest potential benefits, the evidence is not strong enough to definitively claim effectiveness for aerobic endurance.

Question 6

Alcohol has been effective as a means to improve performance due to its utilization as an energy source during
exercise.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is not effective in improving performance during exercise; it can impair coordination, reaction time, and judgment, and it is not an efficient source of energy for muscles during physical activity.

Question 7

Based on current research findings, the most likely factor underlying the ergogenic effect of caffeine during exercise is its

Accepted Answer

Caffeine's primary ergogenic effect during exercise is attributed to its ability to stimulate the central nervous system, which can enhance alertness, reduce the perception of effort, and improve performance.

Question 8

Which of the following dietary supplements marketed to strength-trained individuals are precursors, or prohormones, for testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are precursors to testosterone, meaning they can be metabolized into testosterone in the body. These supplements are often marketed to individuals looking to increase muscle mass and improve strength by boosting their testosterone levels.

Question 9

Being successful in sports is dependent on much more than just genetic endowment.

Accepted Answer

Success in sports is influenced by a combination of factors including training, nutrition, mental fortitude, access to resources, and coaching, in addition to genetic predisposition.

Question 10

Increasing research suggests that moderate alcohol consumption, or "low risk" drinking, may reduce the risk of cardiovascular heart disease and all-cause mortality. All of the following, except which, are hypothesized to contribute to this reduced risk?

Accepted Answer

The hypothesized benefits of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiovascular health and all-cause mortality include increased blood flow to the brain, decreased platelet aggregability, a relaxation effect and reduced anxiety, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol. However, there is no evidence to support the idea that alcohol has a direct toxic effect to kill cancer cells; in fact, alcohol consumption is linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer.

Question 11

Which of the following has been shown to have a possible ergogenic effect on muscle size and strength?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has been shown...

Question 12

Ethyl alcohol is normally classified as a psychoactive drug or nutrient.

Accepted Answer

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is classified as a psychoactive drug because it affects the central nervous system and alters brain function, leading to changes in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior.

Question 13

Research generally supports the theory that caffeine may enhance performance in long distance endurance events. Which of the following is the LEAST likely hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine is known to increase the use of free fatty acids for energy, thereby sparing muscle glycogen, which is contrary to what option C suggests. This makes it the least likely hypothesis regarding how caffeine enhances performance in endurance events.

Question 14

Which of the following dietary supplements has the most research supporting its potential to help increase muscle mass and weight gain during a resistance-training program?

Accepted Answer

Creatine is the most researched dietary supplement among the options listed for its effectiveness in increasing muscle mass and weight gain during resistance training. Numerous studies have shown that creatine supplementation can enhance performance in high-intensity, short-duration exercises like weightlifting, contributing to muscle growth and strength gains.

Question 15

Although caffeine is generally regarded to be a relatively safe drug when consumed in moderate amounts, research suggests one of the following may be a health risk associated with caffeine intake via coffee or tea.

Accepted Answer

Caffeine can cause a short, but dramatic increase in your blood pressure, even if you don't have high blood pressure. It's unclear what causes this spike in blood pressure. Some researchers believe that caffeine could block a hormone that helps keep your arteries widened.

Question 16

For an average size male adult (150 pounds), the consumption of four (4) drinks within a very short period of time would elevate the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to about what level.

Accepted Answer

For an average size male adult weighing 150 pounds, consuming four drinks in a short period can raise the BAC to approximately 0.10, depending on factors like metabolism and drinking speed.

Question 17

Caffeine may be classified as a

Accepted Answer

Caffeine can be classified in multiple ways: as a food ingredient (found in coffee, tea, chocolate, etc.), a dietary supplement (included in some weight loss and energy products), a drug (due to its physiological effects on the nervous system), and a stimulant (because it increases alertness).

Question 18

An 8-ounce cup of perked coffee contains about how much caffeine?

Accepted Answer

An 8-ounce cup of perked coffee typically contains about 80-135 mg of caffeine, which falls within the range for a standard serving of coffee.

Question 19

Although research indicates caffeine may be an effective ergogenic aid for a variety of exercise endeavors, research is least supportive of its ergogenic effect on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although research indicates caffeine may be an...

Question 20

Which of the following is not a physiological effect of caffeine?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine is known to increase metabolic rate rather than decrease it. This is because it stimulates the central nervous system, increases heart rate and force of contraction, and promotes the release of epinephrine, all of which contribute to an increased metabolism.

Quiz 13: Food Drugs and Related Supplements