Question 1

Effect size is the

Accepted Answer

Effect size refers to the magnitude of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, indicating how strong or meaningful this relationship is in a statistical analysis.

Question 2

Researchers would like for power to be at least

Accepted Answer

Researchers typically aim for a statistical power of at least 0.80 in their studies. This means there is an 80% chance of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis (i.e., detecting an effect if there is one).

Question 3

The power of a statistical test is determined by

Accepted Answer

The power of a statistical test is influenced by the probability level (significance level), the sample size, and the effect size. A larger sample size, a larger effect size, and an appropriate probability level can all contribute to higher power, making it more likely to detect a true effect if there is one.

Question 4

Which of the following does NOT impact the power of a statistical test?

Accepted Answer

The power of a statistical test is influenced by the effect size, the sample size, and the alpha level, but not directly by the source of participants. The source of participants can affect other aspects of a study, such as its generalizability or the variability within the data, but it does not directly impact the statistical power of the test.

Question 5

Human participants must sign a "consent to participate" form unless exempted) prior to being in the experiment. This form should include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A consent form should include benefits, the purpose of the study, and any incentives for participation. However, it should not contain disclaimers absolving the experimenter of responsibility for harm, as researchers have an ethical obligation to ensure participants' safety and well-being.

Question 6

If you think that informed consent is unnecessary in your research you

Accepted Answer

In cases where a researcher believes informed consent is unnecessary, they must request a waiver from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB is responsible for reviewing research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met, including the protection of participants through informed consent.

Question 7

Which of the following is a measure of effect size?

Accepted Answer

Cohen's d is a measure of effect size used to indicate the standardized difference between two means.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an advantage that comes from automating one's experimental apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Automating an experimental apparatus primarily enhances accuracy, consistency, and efficiency in the experimental process. It does not inherently increase the power of statistical tests, which is determined by factors like sample size, effect size, and variance, rather than the automation of the apparatus itself.

Question 9

Suppose you have gone to great lengths to determine which participants will perform the experiment at what time and in what group, but some participants just fail to show up for their appointments. What should you do?

Accepted Answer

Randomly selecting and assigning new participants to take the place of those who failed to show up is the best way to ensure that the experiment is still valid.

Question 10

Generally speaking, as the number of the participants in the study increases,

Accepted Answer

As the number of participants in a study increases, the statistical power of the study also increases. This means the study is more likely to detect a true effect if there is one, reducing the likelihood of a Type II error (failing to reject a false null hypothesis).

Question 11

Power of a statistical test refers to

Accepted Answer

The power of a statistical test is the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis, which means it is the ability of the test to detect an effect if there is one.

Question 12

The probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis is referred to as the power of a statistical test. This concept is crucial in hypothesis testing, as it measures the test's ability to detect an effect if there is one.

Question 13

A power analysis allows you to determine the number of participants needed if you also know

Accepted Answer

A power analysis requires knowledge of the alpha level (the probability of making a Type I error), the power (the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis), and the effect size (the magnitude of the effect you are testing for) to determine the appropriate sample size for a study.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to procedures?

Accepted Answer

As long as the instructions are uniformly presented, it is very important how an experimenter greets and otherwise interacts with the participants.

Question 15

When writing instructions for participants to follow or read, which of the following should be considered important?

Accepted Answer

Using simple, easy to understand language ensures that instructions are accessible to a wide audience, reducing the risk of misunderstanding and ensuring that participants can follow them accurately.

Question 16

The session that the researcher holds with participants at the conclusion of the experiment is called

Accepted Answer

A postexperimental interview is conducted after an experiment to debrief participants, discuss the study's purpose, and address any questions or concerns they might have.

Question 17

Instructions serve many purposes in the data collection process. Which of the following is NOT among them?

Accepted Answer

Explaining the true nature of the study is not always a purpose of instructions in the data collection process. Instructions are primarily meant to guide, motivate, and focus participants, but revealing the true nature of the study might bias their responses or behavior, which is why deception or partial disclosure is sometimes used in research.

Question 18

Perhaps the greatest technological advance in experimental apparatus has been

Accepted Answer

The arrival of affordable, easily programmed microcomputers has revolutionized experimental apparatus by providing researchers with powerful, versatile tools for data collection, analysis, and simulation, greatly expanding the scope and efficiency of experimental research.

Question 19

The consent to participate statement must include all of the following, except which one?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The consent to participate statement must include...

Question 20

Power refers to

Accepted Answer

Power is defined as the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis, meaning it measures the test's ability to detect an effect if there is one.

Quiz 9: Procedure for Conducting an Experiment