Question 1

According to the original calculations of Fredrickson and Losada, what is the mean ratio of positive emotions that predicts human flourishing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the original calculations of Fredrickson...

Question 2

What do specific action tendencies suggest?

Accepted Answer

Specific action tendencies suggest a restricted range of possible behavioral options, as they are responses that are narrowly tailored to specific emotions or situations.

Question 3

In the Cohen study of emotional style and health, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Cohen study of emotional style...

Question 4

What psychological theory is most in line with need/goal satisfaction theories?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, is most in line with need/goal satisfaction theories as it emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes and childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior, including the satisfaction of basic needs and goals.

Question 5

How might joy and contentment have an "undoing" potential for negative emotions?

Accepted Answer

Joy and contentment can act as antidotes to negative emotions, meaning that they can help to alleviate or counteract the negative emotions we may be experiencing. By experiencing positive emotions, we may be able to shift our attention away from negative thoughts and feelings, reducing their power over us. This can help to break the cycle of negative emotions and prevent them from overwhelming us.

Question 6

The increased likelihood of behaving positively toward other people and developing more positive relationships are the benefits of what positive emotion?

Accepted Answer

Joy is a positive emotion that enhances social interactions and relationships by promoting prosocial behavior and fostering connections with others.

Question 7

In Fredrickson's model, what component consists of the expansion of an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire?

Accepted Answer

In Fredrickson's Broaden-and-Build theory of positive emotions, the "Broaden" component refers to the expansion of an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire. This means that positive emotions broaden an individual's attention and thinking, enabling them to draw upon a wider range of ideas and actions than they would in a neutral or negative emotional state.

Question 8

Which of the following theories of happiness are most consistent with psychoanalytic and humanistic theorists?

Accepted Answer

The need/goal satisfaction theory aligns with psychoanalytic and humanistic theories as it emphasizes fulfilling needs and achieving goals, which are central to these psychological perspectives.

Question 9

Which theory of happiness would be consistent with the statement "we are happy because we have reached a desired outcome?"

Accepted Answer

Need/goal satisfaction theories of happiness suggest that happiness is achieved when individuals fulfill their desires or achieve their goals. This aligns with the statement that happiness comes from reaching a desired outcome.

Question 10

According to Fredrickson, how are momentary thought-action repertoires defined?

Accepted Answer

Fredrickson's Broaden-and-Build Theory suggests that positive emotions broaden an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire, meaning they open up a broad range of behavioral options.

Question 11

What do need/goal satisfaction theories of happiness state?

Accepted Answer

Need/goal satisfaction theories of happiness suggest that happiness arises from the reduction of tension or the satisfaction of needs.

Question 12

Who proposed the theory of flow?

Accepted Answer

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi proposed the theory of flow, which describes a state of deep absorption and enjoyment in what one does.

Question 13

Which of the following has been found to be associated with the presence of positive emotions?

Accepted Answer

Positive emotions have been linked to a variety of beneficial outcomes, including greater success in creative problem-solving, increases in coping effectively, and decreasing levels of stress. These benefits highlight the broad impact of positive emotions on psychological well-being and resilience.

Question 14

After viewing a film clip that induced either positive or negative emotions, how did research participants who watched negative emotions respond to the request to list everything they would like to do at that moment?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that negative emotions can narrow a person's thought-action repertoire, leading them to come up with a shorter list of activities or actions they would like to do compared to when they are experiencing positive emotions. Positive emotions tend to broaden an individual's attention and thinking, enabling them to conceive a wider range of possible actions.

Question 15

How do process/activity theories explain happiness?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in particular life activities, such as those that are meaningful, enjoyable, or fulfilling, is central to process/activity theories of happiness. These theories suggest that what we do in our daily lives plays a significant role in how happy we feel.

Question 16

In the broaden and build model, how are individuals believed to build resources?

Accepted Answer

The broaden and build model posits that positive emotions broaden an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire, which in turn helps to build their enduring personal resources, ranging from physical and intellectual resources to social and psychological ones. This process is described as an upward spiral of positive emotions.

Question 17

What effect does the emotion of joy tend to have on people?

Accepted Answer

Joy often motivates people to engage in activities, explore new opportunities, and connect with others, as it is an energizing and expansive emotion.

Question 18

According to Fredrickson's work, the reactions people have to positive emotions tend to be______________, and the reactions people have to negative emotions tend to be _____________________.

Accepted Answer

Fredrickson's work suggests that reactions to positive emotions are more cognitive, involving thought processes and interpretations, while reactions to negative emotions are more physical, involving bodily responses.

Question 19

Multiple studies have shown that positive affect is associated with

Accepted Answer

Positive affect has been linked to a variety of beneficial outcomes, including improved decision-making, increased helping behavior, and a greater willingness to take risks, as indicated by multiple studies.

Question 20

According to research by Sheldon Cohen, participants who were low on positive emotional style were _______ times more likely to get sick than those with positive emotional styles.

Accepted Answer

Sheldon Cohen's research found that participants who had a low positive emotional style were three times more likely to get sick compared to those with a high positive emotional style. This study highlighted the impact of emotions and psychological states on physical health, particularly in relation to the common cold.

Quiz 6: The Principles of Pleasure: Understanding Positive Affect, Positive Emotions, Happiness and Well-Being