Question 1

The mitochondrion harnesses the energy of the flow of __________ from its __________ compartment to its __________ compartment to generate ATP. A)CO₂; outer; inner B)H⁺; outer; inner C)H⁺; inner; outer D)H₂O₂; outer; inner E)CO₂; inner; outer

Accepted Answer

The answer of The mitochondrion harnesses the energy of the...

Question 2

A biologist who says that the human body might be getting its power from "bacteria," is referring to
A)some cells that utilize bacteria to produce energy.
B)bacteria in our intestinal tract that digest food to supply us with energy.
C)the mitochondria in our cells that may have originated as endosymbiotic bacteria.
D)the E.coli throughout the human body that produce ATP.
E)photoautotrophic bacteria that, like plants, can produce carbohydrates from sunlight and carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are believed to have originated from endosymbiotic bacteria that were engulfed by early eukaryotic cells. These bacteria formed a mutually beneficial relationship with the host cell and eventually evolved into the mitochondria that provide energy to our cells through aerobic respiration. Thus, in a sense, our cells are powered by the bacteria that became our mitochondria.

Question 3

The space between the two membranes of the mitochondrion stockpiles A)proteins. B)H⁺. C)carbohydrates. D)H₂O₂. E)CO₂.

Accepted Answer

The space between the two membranes of the mitochondrion, known as the intermembrane space, accumulates protons (H⁺) as part of the electron transport chain during cellular respiration. This proton gradient is essential for ATP synthesis.

Question 4

The double membrane of a mitochondrion in contrast to the membrane of the nucleus
A)is riddled with pores.
B)is not permeable.
C)creates two compartments.
D)separates DNA from cytoplasm.
E)has two lipid bilayers.

Accepted Answer

The double membrane of a mitochondrion creates two compartments, the outer mitochondrial membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 5

Cell walls are found in
A)plants.
B)protists.
C)fungi.
D)bacteria.
E)all of these.

Accepted Answer

Cell walls are found in all of these organisms. Plants have cell walls made of cellulose, fungi have cell walls made of chitin, protists have various types of cell walls depending on the species, and some bacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan.

Question 6

Plant cells build a cuticle
A)beneath the plasma membrane.
B)between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall.
C)between the primary cell wall and the secondary cell wall.
D)as a component of the secondary cell wall.
E)at plant surfaces exposed to air.

Accepted Answer

Cuticles are waxy or fatty layers that are formed on the outer surface of the epidermal cells of plants to prevent water loss by evaporation. They are formed specifically in plant surfaces that are exposed to air such as leaves, stem, and fruits. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Question 7

The cell walls of plant cells that have stopped growing and actively dividing are characterized by the presence of
A)pectin.
B)cellulose.
C)glue-like polysaccharides.
D)lignin.
E)a gluey matrix containing rope-like strands.

Accepted Answer

The presence of lignin in the cell walls is characteristic of plant cells that have stopped growing and actively dividing. Lignin provides rigidity and strength to the cell walls, making them harder and more resistant to decay. Pectin, cellulose, and glue-like polysaccharides are present in growing and dividing plant cells, while a gluey matrix containing rope-like strands is not a characteristic of plant cell walls.

Question 8

Which of the following is thought to be the descendant of engulfed ancient bacteria?
A)nuclei
B)Golgi bodies
C)ER
D)mitochondria
E)lysosomes

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are thought to be descendants of ancient bacteria that were engulfed by other cells through endosymbiosis. This idea is known as the endosymbiotic theory, which proposes that eukaryotic cells arose through the fusion of different types of prokaryotic cells. The presence of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells is key evidence for this theory.

Question 9

The cell wall
A)provides physical support for plant cells.
B)controls the transport of materials out of the cell.
C)replaces the plasma membrane in plant cells.
D)is found in all eukaryotes.
E)prevents the transport of toxic substances into the plant cells.

Accepted Answer

The cell wall provides physical support for plant cells. It is a rigid layer made up of cellulose that surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells, giving the cell its shape and preventing it from bursting under pressure.

Question 10

Plasmodesmata are cell junctions that are similar in function to
A)gap junctions in animal cells.
B)tight junctions in animal cells.
C)adhering junctions in animal cells.
D)the cuticle in plant cells.
E)stomata in plant cells.

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata are cell junctions in plant cells that function similarly to gap junctions in animal cells. They allow for direct communication and transport of materials between plant cells. Tight junctions, adhering junctions, cuticles, and stomata do not serve the same function as plasmodesmata.

Question 11

Eukaryotic animal cells have all of the following EXCEPT
A)cell membranes.
B)cell walls.
C)ribosomes.
D)vacuoles.
E)Golgi bodies.

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic animal cells do not have cell walls, whereas many other types of eukaryotic cells, such as plant and fungal cells, do. The other options listed are all present in animal cells.

Question 12

The cell in the figure above is involved in the formation of 
A)plants.
B)protists.
C)bone.
D)bacteria.
E)all of these.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cell in the figure above is...

Quiz 4: Cell Structure and Function

The mitochondrion harnesses the energy of the flow of from its compartment to its __ compartment to generate ATP.

A biologist who says that the human body might be getting its power from "bacteria," is referring to

The space between the two membranes of the mitochondrion stockpiles

The double membrane of a mitochondrion in contrast to the membrane of the nucleus

Cell walls are found in

Plant cells build a cuticle

The cell walls of plant cells that have stopped growing and actively dividing are characterized by the presence of

Which of the following is thought to be the descendant of engulfed ancient bacteria?

The cell wall

Plasmodesmata are cell junctions that are similar in function to

Eukaryotic animal cells have all of the following EXCEPT

The cell in the figure above is involved in the formation of