Question 1

The sampling process begins by locating appropriate data sources called .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sampling process begins by locating appropriate...

Question 2

If you randomly select a student from the first row of a business statistics class and then every other fifth student thereafter until you get a sample of 20 students,this is an example of a convenience sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of systematic sampling, not convenience sampling, because it involves selecting every nth individual from a list or queue.

Question 3

Coverage error can become an ethical issue if a group is intentionally excluded from the frame.

Accepted Answer

Intentionally excluding a group from coverage can be seen as biased reporting, which goes against the principles of ethical journalism. It is important to ensure that all voices are heard and that coverage is fair and inclusive.

Question 4

An electronic appliance chain gathered customer opinions on their services using the customer feedback forms that are attached to the product registration forms.This is an example of a convenience sample.

Accepted Answer

A convenience sample is a type of non-probability sampling technique where the sample is taken from a group of people who are readily available or easily accessible. In this case, the appliance chain is only getting feedback from customers who have already registered their product, which is a readily available group, making it a convenience sample.

Question 5

The question: "How much did you earn last year rounded to the nearest hundreds of dollars?" will most likely result in measurement error.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking for a precise numerical amount, but rounding to the nearest hundred dollars will introduce measurement error, potentially resulting in an answer that is significantly off from the actual earnings.

Question 6

The professor of a business statistics class wanted to find out the mean amount of time per week her students spent studying for the class.She divided the students into the left,right and center groups according to the location they sat in the class that day.One of these 3 groups was randomly selected and everyone in the group was asked the mean amount of time per week he/she spent studying for the class.This is an example of a cluster sample.

Accepted Answer

The professor divided the students into clusters based on their seating location in the class, and then randomly selected one of those clusters to obtain her sample. This is a cluster sampling method.

Question 7

Sampling error becomes an ethical issue if the findings are purposely presented without reference to sample size and margin of error so that the sponsor can promote a viewpoint that might otherwise be truly insignificant.

Accepted Answer

Sampling error can lead to ethical issues if the findings are presented without reference to sample size and margin of error to promote a viewpoint that might otherwise be insignificant, which can mislead the public or decision-makers.

Question 8

In business statistics class students sit randomly without preferences.A sample is selected by including everybody who sits in the first row.This is an example of a cluster sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a cluster sample because the first row is being treated as a cluster and everyone in that cluster is selected for the sample. The selection is based on location, not individual characteristics or preferences.

Question 9

The question "Is your household income last year somewhere between $50,000 and $100,000?" will most likely result in coverage error.

Accepted Answer

Coverage error occurs when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample. The question itself does not cause coverage error; it is the sampling method that could lead to such an error.

Question 10

The only way one can eliminate sampling error is to take the whole population as the sample.

Accepted Answer

Sampling error is the difference between a population parameter and a statistic computed from a sample of the population. By taking the whole population as the sample, there would be no difference between the parameter and the statistic, and therefore no sampling error. However, it is often not feasible or practical to survey an entire population, which is why sampling methods are used to obtain representative samples.

Question 11

The professor of a business statistics class wanted to find out the mean amount of time per week her students spent studying for the class.She divided the fifty students on her roster into ten groups starting from the first student on the roster.The first student was randomly selected from the first group.Then every tenth student was selected from the remaining students.This is an example of a cluster sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a systematic sample because every tenth student was selected after the first student was chosen randomly, not a cluster sample where entire groups or clusters are chosen at random.

Question 12

Measurement error can become an ethical issue when a survey sponsor chooses leading questions that guide the responses in a direction.

Accepted Answer

Measurement error can lead to biased results, and intentionally using leading questions to guide responses can be considered unethical because it distorts the true opinions or beliefs of the respondents. This can ultimately lead to misinformed decision-making based on inaccurate data.

Question 13

Measurement error can become an ethical issue when an interviewer purposely guides the responses in a direction.

Accepted Answer

Purposely guiding responses in a certain direction can lead to biased or inaccurate data, which can be unethical if it is used to make important decisions or affect individuals or groups. It is important to strive for unbiased and accurate data collection in order to uphold ethical principles of research and decision-making.

Question 14

The question "How many times have you abused illicit drugs in the last 6 months?" will most likely result in nonresponse error.

Accepted Answer

Asking about illicit drug use may be a sensitive and personal topic, leading individuals to be hesitant or unwilling to answer truthfully, resulting in nonresponse error.

Question 15

To gather opinions on the efficacy of U.S.foreign policies,a sample of 50 faculty members is selected from the pool of university professors who have taught political science at the graduate level.This is an example of a judgment sample.

Accepted Answer

A judgment sample is a type of non-random sampling where the researcher uses their own judgment to select participants who they believe are relevant to the research question or represent the population of interest. In this case, the researcher is selecting a sample of political science professors who have taught at the graduate level, which is relevant to the question of U.S. foreign policy efficacy.

Question 16

The question: "Have you used any form of illicit drugs over the past 2 months?" will most likely result in measurement error if the question is answered.

Accepted Answer

This question may result in measurement error as it relies on self-reporting which may be influenced by social desirability bias and the person's willingness to admit to using illicit drugs. Additionally, the question only asks about the past 2 months, which may not capture more infrequent or sporadic drug use.

Question 17

Measurement error will become an ethical issue when the findings are presented without reference to sample size and margin of error.

Accepted Answer

Measurement error is always a concern in research, but it does not necessarily become an ethical issue unless it leads to harm or discrimination towards individuals or groups. The presentation of findings without reference to sample size and margin of error could lead to methodological concerns or questions about the validity of the results, but it is not necessarily an ethical issue.

Question 18

results from the failure to collect data on all subjects in the sample.

Accepted Answer

The answer of results from the failure to collect data...

Question 19

You stand at the main entrance to a departmental store and pick the first 20 customers that enter the store after it has opened its door for business on a single day.This is an example of a systematic sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a convenience sample because the selection of the first 20 customers is based on ease of access and timing, rather than a systematic method of selecting every nth customer.

Question 20

Selection bias occurs more frequently in systematic samples than in simple random samples.

Accepted Answer

Selection bias is more likely in systematic sampling because the method involves selecting elements from a list at regular intervals, which can inadvertently favor certain patterns within the population. In contrast, simple random sampling, where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, minimizes the risk of such bias.

Quiz 1: Defining and Collecting Data