Question 1

Syllogism 4F
Given the following syllogism:
Only those students who were invited are going to the party. Hence, since a few freshmen were not invited, there are freshmen who are not going to the party.
-For Syllogism 4F, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The major premise establishes the general rule or condition for the scenario, which in this case is that attendance at the party is exclusively for those who were invited. This is directly stated in option E, aligning with the given information that only invited students can attend the party.

Question 2

Syllogism 3F
Given the following syllogism:
Musicians are not accomplished unless they practice. Thus, Claire must not be accomplished because she never practices.
-After translating Syllogism 3F into standard form, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The conclusion of the syllogism is that "Claire must not be accomplished." This can be translated into the standard form as "No persons identical to Claire are accomplished musicians." Therefore, the correct answer is choice C. The other answer choices do not accurately represent the conclusion of the syllogism.

Question 3

Sorites 1F
Given the following sorites:
Some Q are K.
All E are L.
No K are B.

-For Sorites 1F, the second intermediate conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sorites 1F
Given the following sorites:
Some Q are...

Question 4

Syllogism 2F
Given the following syllogism:
Some unfriendly companions are individuals with a sense of humor, for all individuals without a sense of humor are people hard to get along with, and some friendly companions are people easy to get along with.
-For Syllogism 2F, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The major premise of this syllogism is "for all individuals without a sense of humor are people hard to get along with." This is a universal statement, which means it applies to all individuals without a sense of humor. The minor premise tells us that "some unfriendly companions are individuals with a sense of humor" and "some friendly companions are people easy to get along with." From these two premises, we can conclude that some unfriendly companions have a sense of humor and some friendly companions are easy to get along with. However, we cannot conclude anything about all individuals with a sense of humor or all people who are hard to get along with. Therefore, the best choice is B, which accurately reflects the information provided in the syllogism.

Question 5

Given the following sorites: All N are P.
Some N are F.
All F are R.
All R are A.
Some A are not P.
This sorites is:

Accepted Answer

This sorites has affirmative premises and a negative conclusion, which violates the rules of traditional syllogistic logic. Specifically, if the premises are true, they would logically entail that some A are P, but the conclusion asserts that some A are not P. Therefore, the conclusion cannot be logically inferred from the given premises, making the argument invalid.

Question 6

Syllogism 1F
Given the following syllogism:
No nondrinkers are drivers afraid of sobriety checkpoints. Hence, some drinkers are not sober drivers, since some inebriated drivers are not drivers unafraid of sobriety checkpoints.
-For Syllogism 1F, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 1F
Given the following syllogism:
No nondrinkers are...

Question 7

Sorites 1F
Given the following sorites:
Some Q are K.
All E are L.
No K are B.

-For Sorites 1F, the correct standard form is:

Accepted Answer

The first premise states "No K are B," which means that no L can be K (since all K would be connected to B and no L can be connected to B). Therefore, the conclusion "All E are L" follows logically. Additionally, the second premise "All E are L" supports this conclusion. Finally, the premise "Some Q are K" is irrelevant and not connected to the conclusion.

Question 8

Syllogism 4F
Given the following syllogism:
Only those students who were invited are going to the party. Hence, since a few freshmen were not invited, there are freshmen who are not going to the party.
-For Syllogism 4F, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

This is the correct choice because the syllogism states that "a few freshman were not invited" which implies "there are freshmen who are not going to the party." Therefore, the minor premise must be that "Some freshmen are not students who were invited."

Question 9

Given the following enthymeme: Chewing tobacco is not a safe substitute for cigarettes. After all, it causes cancer of the mouth.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Accepted Answer

The best choice is E because it provides a clear premise that supports the conclusion of the original enthymeme. It directly states that any product that causes cancer of the mouth is not a safe substitute for cigarettes, which reinforces the initial claim that chewing tobacco is not a safe substitute for cigarettes due to its link to cancer of the mouth.

Question 10

Syllogism 2F
Given the following syllogism:
Some unfriendly companions are individuals with a sense of humor, for all individuals without a sense of humor are people hard to get along with, and some friendly companions are people easy to get along with.
-After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2F, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The conclusion follows from the premises that some unfriendly companions are individuals with a sense of humor and some friendly companions are people easy to get along with. Since individuals without a sense of humor are hard to get along with, it implies that some individuals with a sense of humor are not friendly companions.

Question 11

Syllogism 1F
Given the following syllogism:
No nondrinkers are drivers afraid of sobriety checkpoints. Hence, some drinkers are not sober drivers, since some inebriated drivers are not drivers unafraid of sobriety checkpoints.
-After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1F, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The conclusion of the syllogism states that "some drinkers are not sober drivers." This means that there exists a group of people who drink but are not sober drivers, which could include people who are afraid of sobriety checkpoints or people who are not afraid of sobriety checkpoints. Option C accurately reflects this conclusion. Option A is incorrect because it contradicts the premise "No nondrinkers are drivers afraid of sobriety checkpoints." Option B is incorrect because it reverses the relationship between sober drivers and drivers afraid of sobriety checkpoints. Option D is incorrect because it creates a relationship between sober drivers and drinkers that is not supported by the syllogism. Option E is incorrect because it assumes that all drivers afraid of sobriety checkpoints are drinkers, which is not supported by the syllogism.

Question 12

Syllogism 3F
Given the following syllogism:
Musicians are not accomplished unless they practice. Thus, Claire must not be accomplished because she never practices.
-For Syllogism 3F, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 3F
Given the following syllogism:
Musicians are not...

Question 13

Syllogism 4F
Given the following syllogism:
Only those students who were invited are going to the party. Hence, since a few freshmen were not invited, there are freshmen who are not going to the party.
-After translating Syllogism 4F into standard form, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The conclusion states that "there are freshmen who are not going to the party" which means that there exists a group of freshmen who were not included in the group of students who were invited. This can be represented as "Some freshmen are not students going to the party" in standard form. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Question 14

Given the following enthymeme: Wherever guns are readily available senseless killings occur, and guns are readily available in the U.S.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Accepted Answer

The missing statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is a conclusion that follows logically from the premises provided. The premises are "Wherever guns are readily available senseless killings occur" and "guns are readily available in the U.S." The logical conclusion from these premises is that "Senseless killings occur in the U.S."

Question 15

Sorites 1F
Given the following sorites:
Some Q are K.
All E are L.
No K are B.

-For Sorites 1F, the first intermediate conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

All E are B is the first intermediate conclusion in Sorites 1F because it is the first conclusion that is drawn from the premises.

Question 16

Syllogism 1F
Given the following syllogism:
No nondrinkers are drivers afraid of sobriety checkpoints. Hence, some drinkers are not sober drivers, since some inebriated drivers are not drivers unafraid of sobriety checkpoints.
-For Syllogism 1F, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 1F
Given the following syllogism:
No nondrinkers are...

Question 17

Given the following enthymeme: Steroid use is dangerous because it can lead to suicide.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Accepted Answer

In order to make the enthymeme into a valid syllogism, we need to add a major premise. Option B provides a valid major premise that states that any drug that can lead to suicide is dangerous. With this added, the syllogism becomes: 
Major Premise: Any drug that can lead to suicide is dangerous. 
Minor Premise: Steroid use can lead to suicide. 
Conclusion: Steroid use is dangerous.

Question 18

Syllogism 2F
Given the following syllogism:
Some unfriendly companions are individuals with a sense of humor, for all individuals without a sense of humor are people hard to get along with, and some friendly companions are people easy to get along with.
-For Syllogism 2F, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 2F
Given the following syllogism:
Some unfriendly companions...

Question 19

Syllogism 3F
Given the following syllogism:
Musicians are not accomplished unless they practice. Thus, Claire must not be accomplished because she never practices.
-For Syllogism 3F, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

The minor premise states that Claire never practices. Using the given major premise "Musicians are not accomplished unless they practice," we can conclude that Claire must not be accomplished. This is because she does not practice, and according to the major premise, practicing is necessary for being accomplished.

Option D logically connects the major premise and the conclusion that Claire is not accomplished by stating that "No persons identical to Claire are musicians who practice." This means that since Claire does not practice, she cannot be a musician who is also accomplished. Therefore, option D serves as a valid minor premise for the given syllogism.

Question 20

Sorites 1F
Given the following sorites:
Some Q are K.
All E are L.
No K are B.

-For Sorites 1F, the correct answer is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sorites 1F
Given the following sorites:
Some Q are...

Quiz 5: Categorical Syllogisms

Syllogism 4F Given the following syllogism: Only those students who were invited are going to the party. Hence, since a few freshmen were not invited, there are freshmen who are not going to the party. -For Syllogism 4F, the major premise is:

Syllogism 3F Given the following syllogism: Musicians are not accomplished unless they practice. Thus, Claire must not be accomplished because she never practices. -After translating Syllogism 3F into standard form, the conclusion is:

Sorites 1F Given the following sorites: Some Q are K. All E are L. No K are B. -For Sorites 1F, the second intermediate conclusion is:

Syllogism 2F Given the following syllogism: Some unfriendly companions are individuals with a sense of humor, for all individuals without a sense of humor are people hard to get along with, and some friendly companions are people easy to get along with. -For Syllogism 2F, the major premise is:

Given the following sorites: All N are P. Some N are F. All F are R. All R are A. Some A are not P. This sorites is:

Syllogism 1F Given the following syllogism: No nondrinkers are drivers afraid of sobriety checkpoints. Hence, some drinkers are not sober drivers, since some inebriated drivers are not drivers unafraid of sobriety checkpoints. -For Syllogism 1F, the major premise is:

Sorites 1F Given the following sorites: Some Q are K. All E are L. No K are B. -For Sorites 1F, the correct standard form is:

Syllogism 4F Given the following syllogism: Only those students who were invited are going to the party. Hence, since a few freshmen were not invited, there are freshmen who are not going to the party. -For Syllogism 4F, the minor premise is:

Given the following enthymeme: Chewing tobacco is not a safe substitute for cigarettes. After all, it causes cancer of the mouth. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Syllogism 1F Given the following syllogism: No nondrinkers are drivers afraid of sobriety checkpoints. Hence, some drinkers are not sober drivers, since some inebriated drivers are not drivers unafraid of sobriety checkpoints. -After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1F, the conclusion is:

Syllogism 3F Given the following syllogism: Musicians are not accomplished unless they practice. Thus, Claire must not be accomplished because she never practices. -For Syllogism 3F, the major premise is:

Syllogism 4F Given the following syllogism: Only those students who were invited are going to the party. Hence, since a few freshmen were not invited, there are freshmen who are not going to the party. -After translating Syllogism 4F into standard form, the conclusion is:

Given the following enthymeme: Wherever guns are readily available senseless killings occur, and guns are readily available in the U.S. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Sorites 1F Given the following sorites: Some Q are K. All E are L. No K are B. -For Sorites 1F, the first intermediate conclusion is:

Syllogism 1F Given the following syllogism: No nondrinkers are drivers afraid of sobriety checkpoints. Hence, some drinkers are not sober drivers, since some inebriated drivers are not drivers unafraid of sobriety checkpoints. -For Syllogism 1F, the minor premise is:

Given the following enthymeme: Steroid use is dangerous because it can lead to suicide. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Syllogism 2F Given the following syllogism: Some unfriendly companions are individuals with a sense of humor, for all individuals without a sense of humor are people hard to get along with, and some friendly companions are people easy to get along with. -For Syllogism 2F, the minor premise is:

Syllogism 3F Given the following syllogism: Musicians are not accomplished unless they practice. Thus, Claire must not be accomplished because she never practices. -For Syllogism 3F, the minor premise is:

Sorites 1F Given the following sorites: Some Q are K. All E are L. No K are B. -For Sorites 1F, the correct answer is: