Question 1

According to Rogers, what are the consequences of using distortion and denial?
A) Anxiety increases with either distortion or denial.
B) The person will become less able to experience life fully.
C) Distortion increases anxiety, but denial reduces it.
D) Some distortion is good for functioning, but denial never is.

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that using distortion and denial can lead to a person becoming less able to experience life fully. This is because these defense mechanisms can prevent a person from recognizing and dealing with their true feelings and experiences, leading to a disconnect between the person and their authentic self. While Rogers did not explicitly state that anxiety always increases with distortion or denial, it is possible that this could be a consequence for some individuals. Additionally, Rogers did not suggest that some distortion is good for functioning.

Question 2

For Abraham Maslow, the turning point in his thinking about human personality came while he was
A) watching a World War II parade.
B) listening to a lecture on psychoanalysis.
C) wondering about the best techniques for therapy.
D) playing in a football game in college.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

According to Rogers, fully functioning people
A) are more aware of societal norms and more likely to conform to society's standards.
B) put society's needs ahead of their own personal needs and interests.
C) are less likely to conform to societal demands than are most people.
D) are not concerned with rebellion and so are unlikely to act in nonconforming ways.

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that fully functioning people are less likely to conform to societal demands and are more likely to act in nonconforming ways. They are able to trust their own feelings and judgment rather than relying on external standards.

Question 4

A man thinks of himself as an outstanding athlete. One day, he watches some tennis players at his athletic club who are considerably better than he is. This information is threatening to his self?concept. Because the man is not fully functioning, Rogers might have expected him to do one of the following except one. Which one?
A) Experience anxiety
B) Reinterpret what he has seen to make it less threatening
C) Deny that the men are good tennis players
D) Accept that there are better tennis players than himself

Accepted Answer

The answer of A man thinks of himself as an...

Question 5

Which of the following is correct about subception, as described by Rogers?
A) It is the most common defense process.
B) It only happens in people who are fully functioning.
C) It takes place at a level somewhere below consciousness.
D) It results in an increase in anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Rogers describes subception as a process that occurs below the level of consciousness, indicating that it is not something that a person is typically aware of happening. It is not described as the most common defense process, nor is it tied to only those who are fully functioning. While subception may result in anxiety, that is not a defining characteristic of the process.

Question 6

A boy hits his younger sister. What might a Rogerian therapist recommend the parents say to the child?
A) "Hitting your sister is wrong. You are a bad boy."
B) "You need another way to express your feelings."
C) "I love you, but I do not like it when you hit your sister."
D) "You will be punished if you do that again."

Accepted Answer

The answer of A boy hits his younger sister. What...

Question 7

Which of the following does Rogers blame for our inability to incorporate new information into our self-concepts?
A) Disorganization
B) Conditional positive regard
C) Subception
D) Anxiety

Accepted Answer

Rogers blames conditional positive regard for our inability to incorporate new information into our self-concepts. This refers to the idea that we only accept information about ourselves that fits with the conditions set by others for our approval, rather than accepting all information and integrating it into our self-concept.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about Carl Rogers' background?
A) He entered his undergraduate education eager for a career in psychology.
B) Before entering psychology, Rogers planned a career as a minister.
C) The interpersonal warmth characteristic of Rogers' psychotherapy sessions was modeled by his parents as he grew up.
D) Rogers studied with the great existential philosophers in Europe.

Accepted Answer

Before entering psychology, Rogers originally planned for a career as a minister. However, his interest in psychology grew and he ultimately pursued it as a career instead.

Question 9

A father tells his son that he loves him when the child is good, but says "I do not like you right now" when the child misbehaves. The father is engaging in
A) denial.
B) conditional positive regard.
C) classical conditioning.
D) an anxiety-reduction technique.

Accepted Answer

The father is engaging in conditional positive regard, which means showing love and approval only when the child meets certain conditions or behaves in a certain way. This can create feelings of anxiety and low self-esteem in the child, as they may feel that their worth is based solely on their behavior.

Question 10

Each of the following is an element of humanistic psychology except one. Which one?
A) Personal responsibility
B) Fully functioning persons
C) Personal growth
D) Identity crisis

Accepted Answer

Identity crisis is not specifically a core element of humanistic psychology, but rather a term coined by Erik Erikson in his psychosocial theory. The other three elements, personal responsibility, fully functioning persons, and personal growth, are central to humanistic psychology.

Question 11

Which of the following concepts is generally accepted by advocates of the humanistic approach to psychology?
A) No one can know a client in therapy better than the client himself or herself.
B) It is the therapist's job to explain to the client the new goals the client must set for him- or herself.
C) People should spend more time thinking about the future and planning the directions of their lives.
D) People need to see how their past sets the course for where their lives are going.

Accepted Answer

Advocates of the humanistic approach to psychology generally accept the concept that no one can know a client in therapy better than the client himself or herself. This principle is known as client-centered therapy, where the therapist's role is to provide a supportive and nonjudgmental environment for the client to explore their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Question 12

The "third force" in psychology was developed in part to promote a view of humankind different from the ones presented by the
A) psychoanalytic and trait approaches.
B) psychoanalytic and behaviorism approaches.
C) trait and behaviorism approaches.
D) psychoanalytic and social learning approaches.

Accepted Answer

The "third force" in psychology was developed as an alternative to the psychoanalytic and behaviorism approaches, promoting a humanistic view of individuals. The psychoanalytic approach emphasizes the unconscious and early childhood experiences as determinants of behavior, while behaviorism focuses on observable behavior and its reinforcement through environmental stimuli. The third force, also known as humanistic psychology, stresses the importance of autonomy, free will, and personal growth in shaping human behavior. The trait approach focuses on identifying stable personality traits across individuals, while social learning theory incorporates both behaviorist and cognitive factors into the study of human behavior.

Question 13

According to the humanistic approach, people will be happy when
A) their immediate needs, such as money and shelter, are met.
B) they establish meaningful personal relationships.
C) their lives are free from problems.
D) they move toward becoming fully functioning.

Accepted Answer

According to the humanistic approach, people will be happy when they move toward becoming fully functioning. This means they are striving towards self-actualization, which involves realizing their full potential and living a life that is true to themselves. This involves being authentic, having meaningful relationships, and pursuing their passions and interests. While immediate needs such as money and shelter are important, they are not sufficient for long-term happiness according to the humanistic approach.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fully functioning person, according to the psychology of Carl Rogers?
A) They are open to their experiences.
B) They trust their own feelings.
C) They pay attention to what is happening in the here and now.
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The fully functioning person, according to Carl Rogers, is characterized by being open to their experiences, trusting their own feelings, and paying attention to what is happening in the here and now. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 15

Emphasis on _________ in the 1960s provided fertile soil for the growth of humanistic psychology.
A) civil rights
B) laboratory rats
C) communism
D) individuality

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emphasis on _________ in the 1960s provided...

Question 16

A woman tells a humanistic psychotherapist that she wants to leave an unhappy relationship, but that she can't. The therapist will probably set as a goal that the woman comes to understand that
A) she must live in the "here and now."
B) there is a good part to everyone, even the man she is having trouble with now.
C) she should take responsibility for her choice to stay in or leave the relationship.
D) when she gets in touch with who she really is and drops her defenses, many of her relationship problems will also end.

Accepted Answer

The therapist will likely set as a goal for the woman to understand that she should take responsibility for her choice to stay in or leave the relationship. This involves empowering the woman to make an active choice about her situation and take ownership of her decision instead of feeling trapped or helpless. It is important for the woman to evaluate her options and weigh the pros and cons of staying in the relationship versus leaving, and to recognize that the choice ultimately lies with her. This approach aligns with the humanistic perspective of encouraging individuals to take responsibility for their own lives and choices. The other options may be helpful in the therapeutic process but may not be directly relevant to addressing the woman's goal of leaving an unhappy relationship.

Question 17

The humanistic approach to personality is most similar to
A) behaviorism.
B) existential philosophy.
C) the trait approach to personality.
D) the psychoanalytic approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach to personality focuses on individual experience, free will, and personal growth, which aligns with the principles of existentialism. It differs from behaviorism, which emphasizes the role of the environment and conditioning in shaping behavior, and from the trait approach and psychoanalytic approach, which both focus on identifying and categorizing personality traits or unconscious processes.

Question 18

Which of the following concepts from existential philosophy influenced the development of the humanistic approach to personality?
A) An emphasis on choosing and developing your own lifestyle
B) Person?centered psychotherapy
C) Hierarchy of needs
D) Self?actualization

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following concepts from existential...

Question 19

According to Rogers, what is the most common defense process?
A) Subception
B) Distortion
C) Denial
D) Repression

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Rogers, what is the most...

Question 20

According to Rogers, subception allows us to
A) avoid awareness of threatening information.
B) move toward self-actualization.
C) bring our real and ideal selves closer together.
D) come to see ourselves as we really are.

Accepted Answer

Rogers defines subception as a process through which threatening information is not consciously recognized, but still affects an individual's behavior. It allows individuals to avoid awareness of threatening information, which can hinder their ability to move toward self-actualization or bring their real and ideal selves closer together.

Quiz 11: The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

According to Rogers, what are the consequences of using distortion and denial?

For Abraham Maslow, the turning point in his thinking about human personality came while he was

According to Rogers, fully functioning people

Which of the following is correct about subception, as described by Rogers?

A boy hits his younger sister. What might a Rogerian therapist recommend the parents say to the child?

Which of the following does Rogers blame for our inability to incorporate new information into our self-concepts?

Which of the following is true about Carl Rogers' background?

A father tells his son that he loves him when the child is good, but says "I do not like you right now" when the child misbehaves. The father is engaging in

Each of the following is an element of humanistic psychology except one. Which one?

Which of the following concepts is generally accepted by advocates of the humanistic approach to psychology?

The "third force" in psychology was developed in part to promote a view of humankind different from the ones presented by the

According to the humanistic approach, people will be happy when

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fully functioning person, according to the psychology of Carl Rogers?

Emphasis on _________ in the 1960s provided fertile soil for the growth of humanistic psychology.

A woman tells a humanistic psychotherapist that she wants to leave an unhappy relationship, but that she can't. The therapist will probably set as a goal that the woman comes to understand that

The humanistic approach to personality is most similar to

Which of the following concepts from existential philosophy influenced the development of the humanistic approach to personality?

According to Rogers, what is the most common defense process?

According to Rogers, subception allows us to