Question 1

The hormone that works with estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg is

Accepted Answer

Progesterone works with estrogen to prepare the endometrium (lining of the uterus) for implantation of a fertilized egg by thickening it and creating a nurturing environment.

Question 2

The funnel-shaped expanded portion of the uterine tube that contains fimbriae is called the

Accepted Answer

The funnel-shaped expanded portion of the uterine tube that contains fimbriae is called the infundibulum.

Question 3

At the present time, the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease (STD)in the United States is

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chlamydia is the most common STD in the US. In 2018, over 1.7 million cases were reported to the CDC.

Question 4

The initial secretion of estrogens by the growing ovarian follicles is directly stimulated by

Accepted Answer

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) directly stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles and the secretion of estrogen by these developing follicles.

Question 5

The layer of the uterine wall that is shed during menstruation is the

Accepted Answer

The endometrium is the innermost layer of the uterine wall that undergoes cyclic changes in preparation for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the endometrium is shed during menstruation.

Question 6

The type of ovarian follicle that ruptures at the time of ovulation is called a

Accepted Answer

The mature (Graafian) ovarian follicle is the type of follicle that ruptures at the time of ovulation. It is the final stage of follicular development and is characterized by a large fluid-filled antrum (cavity) that is surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells. When the follicle ruptures, the egg is released into the fallopian tube for possible fertilization.

Question 7

The muscular structure that separates the uterine body from the vagina is the

Accepted Answer

The muscular structure that separates the uterine body from the vagina is the cervix.

Question 8

Home pregnancy tests detect the presence of _____ in maternal urine as an indication of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Home pregnancy tests detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in maternal urine as an indication of pregnancy.

Question 9

Testosterone is primarily produced by the

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is primarily produced by the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) of the testes in males.

Question 10

Fertilization of the ovum by sperm usually occurs in the

Accepted Answer

Fertilization of the ovum by sperm usually occurs in the uterine tubes, also known as fallopian tubes. Sperm enter the tubes through the cervix and travel through the uterus to reach the tubes, where they may encounter and fertilize an ovum that has been released from an ovary. Fertilization in the vagina or ovaries is highly unlikely.

Question 11

During the preovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle, the release of estrogen and inhibin by the dominant follicle decreases the release of _____ by the anterior pituitary gland causing less developed follicles to stop growing and die.

Accepted Answer

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is responsible for the growth and maturation of follicles in the ovary. However, during the preovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle, the dominant follicle releases estrogen and inhibin which decrease the release of FSH by the anterior pituitary gland. This causes less developed follicles to stop growing and die off, leaving only the dominant follicle to ovulate.

Question 12

Which of the following hormones are involved in controlling the menstrual and ovarian cycles of the female?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are correct. GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) from the pituitary gland. FSH and LH then stimulate the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, as well as the production of estrogen by the ovaries. Estrogen, in turn, helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy. Therefore, all of these hormones play important roles in controlling the menstrual and ovarian cycles of females.

Question 13

"Crossing-over" of genes among homologous chromosomes occurs during

Accepted Answer

Crossing-over of genes among homologous chromosomes occurs during meiosis I, specifically during prophase I. This is the process in which corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, resulting in genetic recombination. This increases genetic diversity and variation among offspring.

Question 14

The external genitalia of the female are collectively called the

Accepted Answer

The term "vulva" is used to collectively refer to the external genitalia of the female, including the mons pubis, labia, clitoris, and other structures. The glans, on the other hand, specifically refers to the rounded head or tip of an organ, such as the clitoris.

Question 15

All of the following are structures of the mammary glands EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

The infundibulum is not a structure of the mammary glands. It is part of the female reproductive system and refers to the funnel-shaped structure at the end of the fallopian tube that captures the released egg from the ovary. The other structures listed - alveoli, suspensory ligaments, areola, and lobules - are all components of the mammary glands.

Question 16

The structure of the female reproductive system that contains erectile tissue is the

Accepted Answer

The clitoris contains erectile tissue and is the structure responsible for female sexual arousal and orgasm. The external urethral orifice is where urine exits the body, the vaginal orifice is the opening of the vagina, the labia minora are folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening, and the mons pubis is a rounded mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone.

Question 17

The average length of the menstrual cycle is

Accepted Answer

The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days, but can range from 21 to 35 days in adults.

Question 18

Menstruation is directly caused by a decrease in the ovarian secretion of

Accepted Answer

Menstruation is directly caused by a decrease in the levels of the hormones progesterone and estrogens. These hormones are produced by the ovaries, and their levels drop in the absence of fertilization, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining and the onset of menstruation. Testosterone and LH do not play a direct role in menstruation, and progesterone-only or estrogen-only changes would not be sufficient to cause menstruation.

Question 19

The circular pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple of the mammary gland is called the

Accepted Answer

The circular pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple of the mammary gland is called the areola. It helps to protect the nipple and contains Montgomery glands, which secrete a lubricating substance for breastfeeding. Alveolus refers to the small sacs within the mammary gland where milk is produced. Perineum refers to the area between the anus and genitals. Fundus refers to the upper part of the uterus. Vulva refers to the external female genitalia.

Question 20

The rupture of the mature (Graafian)ovarian follicle during ovulation is stimulated by a surge in the secretion of

Accepted Answer

The rupture of the mature ovarian follicle during ovulation is stimulated by a surge in the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). LH stimulates the production of enzymes that break down the follicular wall, causing it to rupture and release the mature egg.

Quiz 23: The Reproductive Systems