Question 1

The theory that good actions are those aligned with the will of God is called __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that good actions are those...

Question 2

According to Aristotle, moral virtue results from
A) a good education.
B) living a long life.
C) a happy marriage and loving family.
D) repetition of the appropriate acts.
E) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

According to Aristotle, moral virtue results from the repetition of the appropriate acts. He believed that by consistently doing the right thing, one develops the habit of being virtuous, and eventually becomes a virtuous person. Education, long life, and happy family are all beneficial for leading a good life, but they do not directly result in moral virtue.

Question 3

The theory that people decide for themselves what is right and wrong is called _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that people decide for themselves...

Question 4

Immanuel Kant concluded that the only thing in the world that can be called good without qualification is _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Immanuel Kant concluded that the only thing...

Question 5

Ethics is focused on the_________ , moral choices people make.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethics is focused on the_________ , moral...

Question 6

The logical error of trying to equate two things that are similar is called __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The logical error of trying to equate...

Question 7

Modern writers often refer to moral virtues as
A) intellectual virtues.
B) philosophical virtues.
C) psychological virtues.
D) social virtues.
E) virtues of character.

Accepted Answer

Moral virtues are often referred to as virtues of character, as they pertain to a person's character and behavior. The other options (A, B, C, D) do not accurately capture the nature of moral virtues.

Question 8

Kant said we should act only from moral rules that we can at the same time will to be universal moral laws. He also said we should act so that we always treat ourselves and other people as ends in themselves, and never only as a means to an end. Kant called these duties___________________________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kant said we should act only from...

Question 9

_________is the theory that there are no universal moral norms of right and wrong.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________is the theory that there are no...

Question 10

A character trait that prevents a human being from flourishing or become truly happy is called a
A) fatal attraction.
B) inverse virtue.
C) negative virtue.
D) tragic flaw.
E) vice.

Accepted Answer

A vice is a character trait that is considered morally bad or undesirable, which can prevent a person from achieving true happiness or flourishing.

Question 11

The theory that the meaning of "right" and "wrong" rests with a society's actual moral guidelines is called _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that the meaning of "right"...

Question 12

According to Aristotle, deriving pleasure from a virtuous act is a sign that you
A) have developed the virtue.
B) have not yet developed the virtue.
C) are egotistical.
D) are hedonistic.
E) have not done enough good deeds lately.

Accepted Answer

According to Aristotle, deriving pleasure from a virtuous act is a sign that one has developed the virtue. This pleasure is distinct from the pleasure obtained from physical or sensory experiences, which is often associated with hedonism. Instead, the pleasure obtained from virtuous conduct is a result of habitually acting in accordance with moral values and principles, and thus, is an indication of moral character.

Question 13

The theory that each person should focus exclusively on his or her own self-interest is called __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that each person should focus...

Question 14

The study of ethics dates back to the time of _________, who faced an unjust death penalty rather than take advantage of an opportunity to flee into exile with his family.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of ethics dates back to...

Question 15

We call utilitarianism a _________theory, because it focuses on the consequences of an action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We call utilitarianism a _________theory, because it...

Question 16

Ethics is the _________of morality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethics is the _________of morality....

Question 17

The idea that social and economic inequalities must be to the greatest benefit of the least-advantaged members of society is called
A) capitalism.
B) communism.
C) socialism.
D) utilitarianism.
E) the difference principle.

Accepted Answer

The idea that social and economic inequalities must be to the greatest benefit of the least-advantaged members of society is known as the difference principle, which is a key component of the philosophy of John Rawls. This principle is meant to ensure that even though there may be inequalities in society, the distribution of resources should prioritize those who are the worst off. This concept is specific to Rawls' theory of justice and is not a defining feature of capitalism, communism, or socialism. Utilitarianism is a separate ethical framework concerned with maximizing overall happiness rather than focusing on the least well-off members of society.

Question 18

A right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone to exercise the right is called
A) a positive right.
B) a negative right.
C) an absolute right.
D) a limited right.
E) a proverbial right.

Accepted Answer

A negative right is a right that entails non-interference from others. It is a right to not have something done to you. In this case, the guarantor leaves the individual alone to exercise the right, thereby not interfering with it.

Question 19

According to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, an action is right or wrong) to the extent that it increases or decreases)___________________________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart...

Question 20

A right that is guaranteed without exception is called
A) a positive right.
B) a negative right.
C) an absolute right.
D) a limited right.
E) a proverbial right.

Accepted Answer

An absolute right is a right that is guaranteed without exception. Positive rights require action by others to be fulfilled, negative rights require inaction by others to be fulfilled, limited rights may have restrictions or exceptions, and there is no such thing as a proverbial right.

Quiz 2: Introduction to Ethics

The theory that good actions are those aligned with the will of God is called __________________.

According to Aristotle, moral virtue results from

The theory that people decide for themselves what is right and wrong is called _________.

Immanuel Kant concluded that the only thing in the world that can be called good without qualification is _________.

Ethics is focused on the_________ , moral choices people make.

The logical error of trying to equate two things that are similar is called __________________.

Modern writers often refer to moral virtues as

Kant said we should act only from moral rules that we can at the same time will to be universal moral laws. He also said we should act so that we always treat ourselves and other people as ends in themselves, and never only as a means to an end. Kant called these duties___________________________ .

_________is the theory that there are no universal moral norms of right and wrong.

A character trait that prevents a human being from flourishing or become truly happy is called a

The theory that the meaning of "right" and "wrong" rests with a society's actual moral guidelines is called _________.

According to Aristotle, deriving pleasure from a virtuous act is a sign that you

The theory that each person should focus exclusively on his or her own self-interest is called __________________.

The study of ethics dates back to the time of _________, who faced an unjust death penalty rather than take advantage of an opportunity to flee into exile with his family.

We call utilitarianism a _________theory, because it focuses on the consequences of an action.

Ethics is the _________of morality.

The idea that social and economic inequalities must be to the greatest benefit of the least-advantaged members of society is called

A right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone to exercise the right is called

According to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, an action is right or wrong) to the extent that it increases or decreases)___________________________ .

A right that is guaranteed without exception is called