Question 1

The master regulatory signal governing transcription of the photosynthetic gene cluster in anoxygenic phototrophs is

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O₂) is a key regulatory signal for the transcription of photosynthetic genes in anoxygenic phototrophs, as these organisms typically perform photosynthesis in the absence of oxygen.

Question 2

In synthesizing one hexose from carbon dioxide by the Calvin cycle,________ molecules of NADPH and _________ molecules of ATP are required.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In synthesizing one hexose from carbon dioxide...

Question 3

The reduction of N₂(g) for use as a source of nitrogen for biosynthetic needs is called nitrogen

Accepted Answer

The reduction of N2(g) for use as a source of nitrogen for biosynthetic needs is referred to as nitrogen fixation. This process involves converting molecular nitrogen into ammonia, which is a form that can be used by plants and other organisms. Assimilation refers to the incorporation of nitrogen into organic molecules, reduction refers to the gain of electrons by a molecule or ion, and oxidation refers to the loss of electrons. While these processes may be involved in the overall cycling of nitrogen in the environment, they are not specifically related to the reduction of N2 for biosynthetic purposes.

Question 4

The Calvin cycle

Accepted Answer

The Calvin cycle requires both ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase, is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material, and utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 5

The system that oxidizes reduced sulfur compounds directly to sulfate without the intermediate formation of sulfite is known as _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The system that oxidizes reduced sulfur compounds...

Question 6

Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its

Accepted Answer

Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its carbon source. Photoheterotrophs obtain carbon from organic compounds, while photoautotrophs obtain carbon from CO2. Oxygen requirements and energy sources are not the defining factors in this classification.

Question 7

Aerobic bacteria, which undergo nitrification, iron- , or sulfur- oxidation, all fix CO2 by using the________ cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aerobic bacteria, which undergo nitrification, iron- ,...

Question 8

Inorganic nitrogen compounds are oxidized aerobically by certain bacteria in the process known as________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inorganic nitrogen compounds are oxidized aerobically by...

Question 9

Anammoxosome lipids consist of fatty acids containing ________that are connected to glycerol by both ester and ether bonds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anammoxosome lipids consist of fatty acids containing...

Question 10

What is a quinine pool?

Accepted Answer

A quinine pool refers to a part of the photosynthetic membrane where quinones, not quinines, are involved in electron transport, holding electrons temporarily during photosynthesis.

Question 11

Carotenoids

Accepted Answer

Carotenoids serve multiple roles: they protect against photooxidative damage, are hydrophobic pigments in photosynthetic membranes, and assist in capturing light energy.

Question 12

Phycobiliproteins form into aggregates called________ that attach to the photosynthetic membranes. Cells with an increased number of these structures can grow at________ (higher/lower) light intensities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phycobiliproteins form into aggregates called________ that attach...

Question 13

In most cases, the final product of sulfur oxidation is

Accepted Answer

Sulfur oxidation typically results in the production of sulfate (SO4). This occurs through a series of chemical reactions involving enzymes, which convert elemental sulfur or sulfide compounds into intermediate forms such as sulfite and eventually to sulfate. Sulfate is a stable, relatively inert compound that can be readily excreted from the body or incorporated into other molecules.

Question 14

Photosynthesis in purple phototrophic bacteria begins when exciton energy strikes the________of bacteriochlorophyll a molecules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Photosynthesis in purple phototrophic bacteria begins when...

Question 15

The rapid and simplistic method of assaying for nitrogenase activity uses

Accepted Answer

The acetylene reduction assay is a rapid and simplistic method for assaying for nitrogenase activity. This assay exploits the nonspecificity of nitrogenase and does not require specialized equipment or highly purified enzyme preparations.

Question 16

A(n)________ is the low light efficiency structure that functions like an antenna and is found in the green sulfur and green nonsulfur bacteria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)________ is the low light efficiency structure...

Question 17

The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs is referred to as the________ scheme.

Accepted Answer

The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs, such as plants and algae, is referred to as the Z-scheme, named after the zig-zag shape of the electron transfer pathway.

Question 18

Which of the following are NOT found within the photosynthetic gene cluster of Rhodobacter (a purple phototrophic bacterium)?

Accepted Answer

Rhodobacter is a purple phototrophic bacterium that uses bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids for photosynthesis, and it has a photosynthetic gene cluster that encodes for these pigments and the photosynthetic complexes involved in the process. However, it does not encode for phycobiliproteins which are typically found in cyanobacteria and some algae.

Question 19

Organisms that obtain energy from the oxidation of an inorganic compound and require an organic compound as a carbon source are known as________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms that obtain energy from the oxidation...

Question 20

Chlorophyll a is green because it absorbs

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a absorbs light most efficiently in the red and blue parts of the electromagnetic spectrum and reflects/transmits green light, which is why it appears green.

Quiz 13: Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

The master regulatory signal governing transcription of the photosynthetic gene cluster in anoxygenic phototrophs is

In synthesizing one hexose from carbon dioxide by the Calvin cycle, molecules of NADPH and _ molecules of ATP are required.

The reduction of N₂(g) for use as a source of nitrogen for biosynthetic needs is called nitrogen

The Calvin cycle

The system that oxidizes reduced sulfur compounds directly to sulfate without the intermediate formation of sulfite is known as _________.

Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its

Aerobic bacteria, which undergo nitrification, iron- , or sulfur- oxidation, all fix CO2 by using the________ cycle.

Inorganic nitrogen compounds are oxidized aerobically by certain bacteria in the process known as________ .

Anammoxosome lipids consist of fatty acids containing ________that are connected to glycerol by both ester and ether bonds.

What is a quinine pool?

Carotenoids

Phycobiliproteins form into aggregates called that attach to the photosynthetic membranes. Cells with an increased number of these structures can grow at (higher/lower) light intensities.

In most cases, the final product of sulfur oxidation is

Photosynthesis in purple phototrophic bacteria begins when exciton energy strikes the________of bacteriochlorophyll a molecules.

The rapid and simplistic method of assaying for nitrogenase activity uses

A(n)________ is the low light efficiency structure that functions like an antenna and is found in the green sulfur and green nonsulfur bacteria.

The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs is referred to as the________ scheme.

Which of the following are NOT found within the photosynthetic gene cluster of Rhodobacter (a purple phototrophic bacterium) ?

Organisms that obtain energy from the oxidation of an inorganic compound and require an organic compound as a carbon source are known as________ .

Chlorophyll a is green because it absorbs

Quiz 13: Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

The master regulatory signal governing transcription of the photosynthetic gene cluster in anoxygenic phototrophs is

In synthesizing one hexose from carbon dioxide by the Calvin cycle,________ molecules of NADPH and _________ molecules of ATP are required.

The reduction of N2(g) for use as a source of nitrogen for biosynthetic needs is called nitrogen

The Calvin cycle

The system that oxidizes reduced sulfur compounds directly to sulfate without the intermediate formation of sulfite is known as _________.

Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its

Aerobic bacteria, which undergo nitrification, iron- , or sulfur- oxidation, all fix CO2 by using the________ cycle.

Inorganic nitrogen compounds are oxidized aerobically by certain bacteria in the process known as________ .

Anammoxosome lipids consist of fatty acids containing ________that are connected to glycerol by both ester and ether bonds.

What is a quinine pool?

Carotenoids

Phycobiliproteins form into aggregates called________ that attach to the photosynthetic membranes. Cells with an increased number of these structures can grow at________ (higher/lower) light intensities.

In most cases, the final product of sulfur oxidation is

Photosynthesis in purple phototrophic bacteria begins when exciton energy strikes the________of bacteriochlorophyll a molecules.

The rapid and simplistic method of assaying for nitrogenase activity uses

A(n)________ is the low light efficiency structure that functions like an antenna and is found in the green sulfur and green nonsulfur bacteria.

The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs is referred to as the________ scheme.

Which of the following are NOT found within the photosynthetic gene cluster of Rhodobacter (a purple phototrophic bacterium) ?

Organisms that obtain energy from the oxidation of an inorganic compound and require an organic compound as a carbon source are known as________ .

Chlorophyll a is green because it absorbs

In synthesizing one hexose from carbon dioxide by the Calvin cycle, molecules of NADPH and _ molecules of ATP are required.

The reduction of N₂(g) for use as a source of nitrogen for biosynthetic needs is called nitrogen

Phycobiliproteins form into aggregates called that attach to the photosynthetic membranes. Cells with an increased number of these structures can grow at (higher/lower) light intensities.