Question 1

Compared with fraternal twins,identical twins are

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with fraternal twins,identical twins are
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Question 2

After comparing divorce rates among identical and fraternal twins,Dr. Alexander has concluded that genes do play a role. Dr. Alexander is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

Behavior geneticists study the role of genetics in behavior and traits, including the influence of genes on divorce rates.

Question 3

Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The described behavior of intense and reactive infants can be attributed to their temperament, which is their innate personality and behavioral style.

Question 4

Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are

Accepted Answer

Fraternal twins, even when raised apart, have different genetic makeups, which can lead to more significant differences in personality compared to identical twins who share the same genes. Environmental differences in upbringing would further accentuate these personality differences.

Question 5

People's reactions to our genetic dispositions constitute part of our

Accepted Answer

People's reactions to our genetic dispositions are considered part of our environment because they are external factors that influence our development and behavior, rather than being innate or genetically determined characteristics.

Question 6

In emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment,psychologists are highlighting the importance of

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that heredity's effects on behavior are dependent on a person's home environment, which points towards the interaction between nature (heredity) and nurture (environment). Therefore, the correct choice is D - nature-nurture interactions.

Question 7

Which of the following is a major source of genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can create new variations of genes, leading to genetic diversity. This is a major source of genetic variation upon which evolution can act. Serotonin and nutrition are not sources of genetic diversity. Individuality may result from genetic diversity but is not a source of it.

Question 8

Chromosomes are composed of

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which carries the genetic information of an organism.

Question 9

Studies of the relative impact of nature and nurture on human differences in aggressiveness best illustrate the research efforts of

Accepted Answer

Behavior geneticists study the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to individual differences in behavior, including aggressiveness. Therefore, studies on the impact of nature (genes) and nurture (environment) on human aggressiveness reflect the research efforts of behavior geneticists.

Question 10

Critics of evolutionary psychology are particularly likely to emphasize that gender differences in mate preferences are byproducts of

Accepted Answer

Critics of evolutionary psychology argue that gender differences in mate preferences are shaped by cultural practices such as socialization, media influence, and social norms rather than being solely evolutionary adaptations. They believe that individuals are not solely influenced by their biology, but also by their cultural background and socio-economic status, which shape their preferences and decisions.

Question 11

It has been suggested that older men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This suggestion reflects an evolutionary perspective, which argues that certain innate biological factors, such as a desire for youthfulness and fertility in a mate, have evolved over time as adaptive mechanisms for reproductive success. Social learning theory emphasizes the role of environmental factors and socialization in shaping behavior, behavior genetics focuses on the role of heredity in behavior, and Freudian psychology emphasizes unconscious motivations and childhood experiences.

Question 12

Those who defend evolutionary psychology against criticism are most likely to suggest that evolutionary principles

Accepted Answer

Defenders of evolutionary psychology argue that evolutionary principles generate testable predictions, and therefore, the field is scientifically valid. This is in contrast to the criticism that evolutionary psychology is unfalsifiable and lacks empirical evidence.

Question 13

Brittla spends a lot of money on cosmetics and expensive clothing in order to attract a desirable mate. According to evolutionary psychologists,Brittla's behavior is a product of

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists would argue that Brittla's behavior is the result of genetic predispositions, specifically those related to mate selection and reproduction. According to this perspective, humans have evolved over time to be attracted to certain physical traits and behaviors in potential mates, and may engage in behaviors that increase their perceived attractiveness in order to increase their chances of finding a desirable mate and passing on their genes. While cultural expectations and personal temperament may play a role in individual behavior, evolutionary psychology would prioritize genetic factors in explaining Brittla's spending habits.

Question 14

Charles Darwin suggested that the evolution of living organisms is guided by

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin is most famously associated with the theory of natural selection, which is influenced by factors such as variation, heredity, and differential reproductive success. Gender, social roles, and unconscious motives are not considered guiding forces of evolution according to Darwin's theory.

Question 15

Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists believe that certain fears, such as fear of snakes and heights, are a result of genetic predispositions that have evolved over time to aid in survival. These fears are believed to have been passed down through generations as individuals who were more prone to avoid snakes and heights were more likely to survive and pass on their genes. Thus, the best choice is D: genetic predispositions.

Question 16

Adopted children are especially likely to have similar ________ if raised in the same home.

Accepted Answer

Adopted children raised in the same home are likely to share similar religious beliefs due to the influence of the shared environment and upbringing, rather than genetic factors.

Question 17

Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it underestimates the

Accepted Answer

Critics of evolutionary psychology argue that it underestimates the impact of cultural expectations on human behavior, including sexual behavior. They argue that social and cultural influences play a much larger role in shaping behavior than evolutionary theories suggest.

Question 18

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

Accepted Answer

Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the personality traits of their adopted children because personality traits are more strongly influenced by genetics and biological factors than by the environment or upbringing.

Question 19

Women are most likely to be sexually attracted to men who seem

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women are most attracted to men who display qualities of maturity and affluence, such as stability, ambition, and financial security. This may be due to the evolutionary preference for potential partners who can provide resources and support for offspring. Women are also attracted to men who are confident, have a good sense of humor, and are kind and empathetic. None of the other options listed (A, B, and C) are consistently found to be major factors in female attraction.

Question 20

The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

Genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage are more likely to be passed on to the next generation and become more prevalent in a population over time through natural selection.

Quiz 1: Doing Social Psychology