Question 1

Which of the following best summarizes the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy as a treatment for depression?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is considered to be just as effective as drug treatment in treating depression, according to research studies. Additionally, CBT has the advantage of being a non-invasive and non-pharmacological treatment option, which may be preferred by some individuals. While combining CBT and drug treatment is sometimes used, it is not necessary for successful treatment with CBT alone.

Question 2

Traynor has had severe depression for many years.Although he has taken different antidepressants, he always stops taking them because he dislikes the side effects.If he wants to find an antidepressant with the fewest potential side effects, which drug should he try?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traynor has had severe depression for many...

Question 3

In terms of alternative therapies for depression, some patients with depression respond to , whereas for patients with severe and difficult-to-treat depression, can be very helpful.

Accepted Answer

Regular aerobic exercise has been shown to be effective in treating mild to moderate depression, whereas electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is typically only used for severe and difficult-to-treat cases. St. John's Wort is an herbal supplement that can be helpful for some people with mild depression, but it may interact with other medications and should only be taken under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Changes in diet and primal scream therapy have not been proven to be effective treatments for depression.

Question 4

Don has an obsessive-compulsive disorder with obsessions that focus on germs.Don's therapist asks him to shake hands with everyone in his office and does not allow him to wash his hands afterward.His therapist is engaging in , which works by .

Accepted Answer

Don's therapist is using exposure and response prevention, which involves exposing him to the feared stimulus (germs) and preventing the compulsive response (hand washing). This is effective because it breaks the link between the stimulus (germs) and the conditioned response (hand washing), ultimately reducing the severity of Don's obsessions and compulsions.

Question 5

Which of the following lists two ways that transcranial magnetic stimulation is similar to electroconvulsive therapy?

Accepted Answer

Both transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroconvulsive therapy involve brain stimulation and have been shown to be effective for patients who do not respond to drug treatments.

Question 6

A therapist is considering prescribing either electroconvulsive therapy ECT) or transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS) for his depressed patient.How do these two therapies compare to each other?

Accepted Answer

ECT and TMS have different mechanisms of action and are appropriate for different types of patients. ECT is typically used for severe cases of depression and can have significant side effects, such as memory loss. TMS, on the other hand, is non-invasive and has fewer side effects but may not be as effective for severe cases of depression. The choice of therapy will depend on the patient's individual needs and condition.

Question 7

To alleviate your depression, your therapist asks you to keep a diary of all your negative thoughts, when they occurred, and how they made you feel.What is your therapist's goal for this assignment?

Accepted Answer

The therapist's goal for this assignment is to identify problematic thought patterns so they can be modified. By keeping a diary of negative thoughts, the client can begin to recognize patterns and learn to challenge and change them, eventually reducing symptoms of depression.

Question 8

Which of the following best summarizes the long-term effects of deep brain stimulation on depression?

Accepted Answer

According to the article, "two-thirds of the patients continued to experience significant relief from their depression symptoms for at least four years after the initial implantation of their DBS device."

Question 9

Although effective, electroconvulsive therapy for depression

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy has a high relapse rate after the treatments are discontinued. However, it is effective for treating severe cases of depression and is often used as a last resort option when other treatments have not worked. The therapy involves delivering electrical impulses to the brain under general anesthesia to induce a brief seizure, which can help alleviate symptoms of depression. While there may be some temporary memory loss or confusion immediately following the treatment, there is no evidence of permanent brain damage.

Question 10

Jung's severe depression has not responded to typical drug therapies.Jung's psychiatrist believes it is critical they start a new treatment that is both effective and fast-acting.His therapist will probably recommend

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a fast-acting and effective treatment for severe depression, particularly when other treatments have failed. While it may have side effects, they are generally mild and short-lived, and ECT is considered safe and effective for many patients.

Question 11

Which of the following factors is a drawback of electroconvulsive therapy for depression?

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy requires multiple treatments, usually spread out over several weeks, which can be burdensome for patients. While there are potential side effects such as temporary memory loss, the benefits of ECT can outweigh these drawbacks for some patients with severe or treatment-resistant depression. None of the other factors listed are typical drawbacks of ECT.

Question 12

Essie is seven months pregnant when she experiences a severe depressive episode.Which biological treatment will her doctor most likely prescribe?

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered a safe and effective treatment for severe depression during pregnancy, especially when medication poses potential risks to the fetus. ECT directly stimulates the brain and has been shown to be effective in cases where medication is either not effective or not advisable due to pregnancy.

Question 13

Kim is taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSRI) for her obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD).Given the research on SSRIs and OCD, how should the drug affect her symptoms?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kim is taking a selective serotonin reuptake...

Question 14

Why is electroconvulsive therapy sometimes used with pregnant women who are depressed?

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy is sometimes used with pregnant women who are depressed because it does not harm the fetus, whereas drug treatments might. This is because the electrical current used in electroconvulsive therapy does not pass through the abdomen and therefore does not affect the fetus. Additionally, electroconvulsive therapy is effective in treating severe depression, which may pose a risk to both the mother and the fetus if left untreated. However, the decision to use electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy should be made on a case-by-case basis and should involve careful consideration of the risks and benefits.

Question 15

The most effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder is

Accepted Answer

Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the most effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. ERP involves exposing the individual to their feared objects or situations and preventing them from engaging in compulsive behaviors. This helps the individual learn that their anxiety will decrease on its own without the need for compulsions, and ultimately leads to a reduction in OCD symptoms. While anti-anxiety medications and cognitive restructuring can be helpful in treating OCD, they are often used in conjunction with ERP therapy. Systematic desensitization can be effective for other anxiety-related disorders but is not as effective for OCD.

Question 16

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an effective treatment for

Accepted Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been found to be an effective treatment for depression, particularly for those who have not responded well to other treatments such as medication or therapy. TMS uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain, which has been shown to increase activity in areas that regulate mood. While TMS has been studied as a treatment for other mental health disorders, the strongest evidence supports its effectiveness for depression.

Question 17

What is the most effective treatment for moderate to severe depression?

Accepted Answer

Antidepressants have been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of moderate to severe depression, but they are more effective when combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help individuals change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to depression, and combining it with medication can lead to better outcomes than either treatment alone. Cognitive therapy is also effective in treating depression, but studies have shown that it may not be as effective as cognitive-behavioral therapy for moderate to severe depression.

Question 18

Joanna is seeing a therapist for her depression.During each session, her therapist asks her to keep a list of negative thoughts and then he challenges her to replace each thought with more adaptive ones.Joanna's therapist is using therapy to treat her depression.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques, which involve identifying and challenging negative thoughts and beliefs (cognitive) and changing behaviors in response.

Question 19

Which of the following is a major difference between transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS) and deep brain stimulation DBS)?

Accepted Answer

The major difference between TMS and DBS is that DBS requires surgery whereas TMS does not. TMS involves the use of a magnetic coil placed on the scalp to stimulate specific areas of the brain noninvasively, while DBS involves the placement of electrodes deep within the brain through surgery. Additionally, TMS does not create seizures, while DBS may be used to treat epilepsy by creating controlled seizures.

Question 20

As a treatment for depression, monoamine oxidase MAO) inhibitors are

Accepted Answer

MAO inhibitors are effective antidepressants, but they are used less frequently due to potentially fatal complications such as hypertensive crisis and serotonin syndrome. These complications can occur if the patient consumes certain foods or takes other medications while on MAO inhibitors. As a result, MAO inhibitors are typically not the first choice for treating depression, and are only prescribed after other treatments have failed or if the patient has a specific genetic profile that indicates they may respond better to MAO inhibitors.

Quiz 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders