Question 1

Explain the difference between the two main buffer systems.

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Question 2

Identify the major extracellular and intracellular cations in body fluids.

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Question 3

Explain why potassium ion imbalances are less affected by water imbalances than sodium ions.

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Question 4

Explain why we should avoid drinking large amounts of pure water over a short period of time when we are dehydrated.

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Question 5

Discuss three hormones that regulate sodium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF).

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Question 6

List four hormones that affect fluid balance in the body.

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Question 7

Discuss the compensation for metabolic alkalosis.

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Question 8

Predict the effects of hyperaldosteronism (excess aldosterone production)on potassium ion balance.

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Question 9

Predict the direction of water movement if a cell is surrounded by hypertonic interstitial fluid.

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Question 10

Mr.Pey frequently takes antacids,which contain bicarbonate salts,to battle his upset stomach.Determine the type of acid-base imbalance created by frequent antacid consumption and predict the compensation for his problem.

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Question 11

Discuss edema and some causes of edema.

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Question 12

Explain how dehydration and overhydration differ.

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Question 13

Mrs.Watkins has COPD,an obstructive respiratory disorder.An arterial blood gas (ABG)sample was taken and the following observed: an elevated arterial PCO₂,lower than normal blood pH,and an elevated bicarbonate ion level.Determine the cause of her acid-base balance and the degree to which compensation,if any,is present.

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Question 14

Summarize the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH)and vitamin D3 (calcitriol)in calcium ion and phosphate ion concentration regulation.

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Question 15

Mr.Jenkins spent the afternoon working and sweating in the yard on a hot summer day.Explain why he should avoid waiting until the end of completing his yard work to consume large amounts of water to quench his thirst.

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Question 16

List the three general causes of respiratory acidosis.

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Question 17

Predict the movement of water between the cytosol of a cell and hypertonic plasma.

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Question 18

Discuss some causes of hyponatremia.

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Quiz 25: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis