Question 1

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them.

(1) Amount of water reabsorbed by the kidney when ADH is present
(2) Amount of water reabsorbed by the kidney when ADH is absent

Accepted Answer

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) increases the permeability of the kidney's collecting ducts to water, leading to more water being reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Therefore, when ADH is present, the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidney is greater than when ADH is absent.

Question 2

Match the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes.
-Pancreas

Accepted Answer

The pancreas secretes glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream.

Question 3

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them.
(1) Metabolic rate if thyroid hormones are under secreted
(2) Metabolic rate if thyroid hormones are over secreted

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism. When they are under secreted, the metabolic rate decreases, and when they are over secreted, the metabolic rate increases. Therefore, the metabolic rate if thyroid hormones are under secreted is less than if they are over secreted.

Question 4

What is/are the function(s) of inhibin?

Accepted Answer

Inhibin specifically inhibits the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland, without affecting the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) or estrogen.

Question 5

The amount of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland is regulated by

Accepted Answer

The amount of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland is primarily regulated by the photoperiod, or the daily amount of daylight. This is because light exposure to the retina is communicated to the pineal gland through the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, influencing melatonin synthesis.

Question 6

Match the hormone with its appropriate function.
-Thymosin

Accepted Answer

Thymosin is a hormone that is involved in the development of the immune system.

Answer: None of the other options (A, B, D, E) are correct for Thymosin.

- Stimulating synthesis of thyroid hormones is the function of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland.
- Increasing adrenal cortex secretions is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland.
- Milk production is the function of prolactin from the pituitary gland.
- Decreasing blood Ca2+ levels is the function of calcitonin from the thyroid gland.

Question 7

Which of the following are NOT an endogenously produced analgesics?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-2 is not an endogenously produced analgesic; it is a cytokine involved in the immune response. Enkephalins, dynorphins, and endorphins are all endogenously produced peptides that act as analgesics by binding to opioid receptors in the brain.

Question 8

Match the hormone with its appropriate function.
-Prolactin

Accepted Answer

Prolactin primarily stimulates milk production in the mammary glands after childbirth.

Question 9

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them.
(1) Level of ACTH during stress
(2) Level of ACTH during relaxation

Accepted Answer

During stress, the body increases the production of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) to stimulate the adrenal glands to release cortisol, a stress hormone, hence the level of ACTH during stress is greater than during relaxation.

Question 10

Which endocrine gland secretions do not appear to decrease as one ages?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone levels do not decrease with age. In fact, they can increase, leading to conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, especially in postmenopausal women. Other hormones like melatonin, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones typically decrease with age.

Question 11

What is the function of thymosin?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin is a hormone produced by the thymus gland that plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of the immune system, particularly in the production and differentiation of T lymphocytes.

Question 12

Match the hormone with its appropriate function.
-ACTH

Accepted Answer

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) primarily stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol and other glucocorticoids, which are involved in stress response, metabolism, and immune system regulation.

Question 13

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them. (1) Blood Ca²⁺ levels if parathyroid secretion decreases (2) Blood Ca²⁺ levels if parathyroid hormone secretion increases

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels. Therefore, if parathyroid secretion decreases, blood calcium levels would decrease (statement 1), and if parathyroid hormone secretion increases, blood calcium levels would increase (statement 2). Thus, blood calcium levels are lower when parathyroid secretion decreases compared to when it increases.

Question 14

Match the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes.
-Thyroid

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. The symbol "T₃" seems to be a formatting or encoding error, but it's intended to represent thyroid hormones.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of an autocrine chemical messenger?

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are primarily considered neurohormones or neuromodulators that act within the nervous system, rather than autocrine messengers that act on the cell that secretes them, like prostacyclins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes do.

Question 16

Match the hormone with its appropriate function.
-Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin decreases blood Ca2+ levels by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing excretion of Ca2+ by the kidneys.

Question 17

The main hormone of the male reproductive system is ________.

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues, secondary sexual characteristics, and the regulation of libido and fertility.

Question 18

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them. (1) Amount of K⁺ excreted by the kidney if aldosterone secretion is high (2) Amount of K⁺ excreted by the kidney if aldosterone secretion is low

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone increases the excretion of K+ by the kidneys, so when aldosterone secretion is high, more K+ is excreted compared to when aldosterone secretion is low.

Question 19

Secretions of the pineal gland

Accepted Answer

The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which is known to inhibit reproductive functions by affecting the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus.

Question 20

Match the hormone with its appropriate function.
-TSH

Accepted Answer

TSH, or Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, specifically stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism, energy generation, and overall growth and development.

Quiz 18: Endocrine Glands

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them. (1) Amount of water reabsorbed by the kidney when ADH is present (2) Amount of water reabsorbed by the kidney when ADH is absent

Match the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes. -Pancreas

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them. (1) Metabolic rate if thyroid hormones are under secreted (2) Metabolic rate if thyroid hormones are over secreted

What is/are the function(s) of inhibin?

The amount of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland is regulated by

Match the hormone with its appropriate function. -Thymosin

Which of the following are NOT an endogenously produced analgesics?

Match the hormone with its appropriate function. -Prolactin

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them. (1) Level of ACTH during stress (2) Level of ACTH during relaxation

Which endocrine gland secretions do not appear to decrease as one ages?

What is the function of thymosin?

Match the hormone with its appropriate function. -ACTH

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them. (1) Blood Ca2+ levels if parathyroid secretion decreases (2) Blood Ca2+ levels if parathyroid hormone secretion increases

Match the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes. -Thyroid

Which of the following is NOT an example of an autocrine chemical messenger?

Match the hormone with its appropriate function. -Calcitonin

The main hormone of the male reproductive system is ________.

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them. (1) Amount of K+ excreted by the kidney if aldosterone secretion is high (2) Amount of K+ excreted by the kidney if aldosterone secretion is low

Secretions of the pineal gland

Match the hormone with its appropriate function. -TSH

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them. (1) Blood Ca²⁺ levels if parathyroid secretion decreases (2) Blood Ca²⁺ levels if parathyroid hormone secretion increases

Read the two statements and use the following key to answer them. (1) Amount of K⁺ excreted by the kidney if aldosterone secretion is high (2) Amount of K⁺ excreted by the kidney if aldosterone secretion is low