Question 1

Which component in Vroom's theory of motivation emphasizes that people won't pursue rewards they find unattractive?

Accepted Answer

Valence in Vroom's Expectancy Theory refers to the value or attractiveness of a reward or outcome to an individual. If a reward is not attractive, the individual is less likely to be motivated to pursue it.

Question 2

Behavior modification is based upon the principles of rewards and punishments advanced by .

Accepted Answer

Behavior modification is based on the principles of operant conditioning, which were advanced by B.F. Skinner, involving the use of rewards and punishments to modify behavior.

Question 3

Who distinguished between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Edward Deci is known for distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, particularly through his work on Self-Determination Theory.

Question 4

Frederick Taylor referred to the tendency of employees to work at the slowest pace possible and to produce at the minimum acceptable level as .

Accepted Answer

Frederick Taylor coined the term "systematic soldiering" to describe the deliberate underworking by employees to avoid increasing their workload or setting higher performance standards.

Question 5

Which of the following terms refers to changing behavior through rewards or punishments that are contingent on performance?

Accepted Answer

Behavior modification involves changing behavior through the use of rewards or punishments contingent on performance.

Question 6

Motivator factors affect a continuum that ranges from .

Accepted Answer

Motivator factors, according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, affect a continuum that ranges from satisfaction to no satisfaction. They are related to the nature of the work itself and can lead to higher motivation and job satisfaction.

Question 7

Herzberg's Hygiene-Motivator theory of motivation suggests that intrinsic factors like cause satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's theory states that intrinsic factors, such as achievement, lead to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors, like pay and working conditions, prevent dissatisfaction but do not cause satisfaction.

Question 8

is a team or group incentive plan that ties pay to some measure of a firm's overall profitability.

Accepted Answer

Variable pay is a team or group incentive plan that ties pay to some measure of a firm's overall profitability.

Question 9

In Vroom's theory of motivation, motivation is equal to E * I * V, where V represents .

Accepted Answer

In Vroom's Expectancy Theory, "V" stands for "valence," which refers to the value an individual places on the rewards of an outcome.

Question 10

Hygiene factors affect a continuum that ranges from .

Accepted Answer

Hygiene factors, according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, affect a continuum that ranges from dissatisfaction to no dissatisfaction. They do not lead to satisfaction but can prevent dissatisfaction.

Question 11

In Vroom's theory of motivation, motivation is equal to E * I * V, where E represents .

Accepted Answer

In Vroom's Expectancy Theory, E stands for Expectancy, which is the belief that one's effort will lead to the desired performance level.

Question 12

The Hygiene-Motivator theory is also called the .

Accepted Answer

The Hygiene-Motivator theory is also known as the two-factor theory, developed by Frederick Herzberg, which distinguishes between hygiene factors that can cause dissatisfaction and motivators that can lead to satisfaction.

Question 13

Herzberg's Hygiene-Motivator theory of motivation suggests that extrinsic factors like cause dissatisfaction.

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's theory states that hygiene factors, which are extrinsic, such as working conditions, can cause dissatisfaction if they are inadequate.

Question 14

Vroom's expectancy theory states that a person's motivation to exert some level of effort is a function of all of the following except .

Accepted Answer

Vroom's expectancy theory focuses on the relationships between effort, performance, and outcomes, specifically the probability that effort will lead to performance, the perceived relationship between performance and obtaining the reward, and the perceived value of the reward. Intrinsic motivation is not a direct component of this theory.

Question 15

Who proposed a two-factor theory that explains how motivator factors relate to satisfaction and hygiene factors relate to dissatisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Frederick Herzberg proposed the two-factor theory, which distinguishes between motivator factors that lead to job satisfaction and hygiene factors that can cause job dissatisfaction.

Question 16

Rebecca's manager wants to acknowledge her outstanding service record for the past quarter. Her manager decides to give Rebecca a bonus of $1000 as a reward. This is an example of using to reinforce behavior.

Accepted Answer

The bonus of $1000 is an external reward given to Rebecca to reinforce her behavior, which is an example of extrinsic motivation.

Question 17

Which non-case incentive do employees most prefer?

Accepted Answer

Employees often prefer experiences, such as trips, as they provide lasting memories and a break from routine, making them more desirable than material items.

Question 18

Instrumentality in Vroom's theory of motivation refers to the .

Accepted Answer

Instrumentality in Vroom's Expectancy Theory refers to the belief that if one performs well, then a valued outcome will be received. It is the perceived relationship between successful performance and obtaining a desired reward.

Question 19

In Vroom's theory of motivation, motivation is equal to E * I * V, where I represents .

Accepted Answer

In Vroom's Expectancy Theory, "I" stands for Instrumentality, which is the belief that a person will receive a reward if the performance expectation is met.

Question 20

Expectancy could also be referred to as the .

Accepted Answer

Expectancy refers to the belief or probability that one's effort will lead to successful performance or achievement of a goal.

Quiz 12: Pay-For-Performance and Financial Incentives