Question 1

Myra has many friends who live all over the country.She has moved five times in the past fifteen years,and doesn't see her family much.Myra probably lives in a ________ society.

Accepted Answer

Myra's lifestyle and social network being scattered across the country indicates that she is living in a Western society where individualism is emphasized, and people tend to have more mobility and independence in their lives. Collectivistic societies tend to prioritize family and community relationships over individual pursuits, and traditional societies often prioritize stability and continuity in one's place in society or culture. A semi-structured society is not a recognized cultural category.

Question 2

When faced with a dangerous situation,men and women tend to either fight or flee.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When faced with a dangerous situation,men and...

Question 3

Two people become friends because they have the same interests and similar personalities.They are not related and do not live near one another.This relationship has the characteristics of a relationship in a/an ________ society.

Accepted Answer

An individualistic society values independence and self-sufficiency and places a high value on individual achievements and goals. This type of society encourages people to pursue personal interests and form relationships based on shared interests and personality rather than traditional or community ties.

Question 4

Every day Bob walks into the coffee shop and orders a tall nonfat latte from the same woman.Over time,he finds that he really likes this woman.This is probably due to the

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect states that people tend to develop a preference for things simply because they are familiar with them. In this case, Bob sees the same woman every day when he orders his coffee, leading him to develop a liking for her over time.

Question 5

Lonely people tend to engage in healthy coping mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. While some lonely individuals may have developed healthy coping mechanisms, research suggests that loneliness can actually lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms such as overeating, substance abuse, and social withdrawal. It is important for individuals experiencing loneliness to seek support from others and engage in positive coping strategies such as exercise, mindfulness, and expressive writing.

Question 6

The idea that people are more likely to become friends with those who live or work nearby is known as

Accepted Answer

The proximity-attraction principle states that people are more likely to become friends with those who live or work nearby. This is based on the idea that proximity increases the chances of frequent interaction and familiarity, which can lead to the development of friendships. The similarity-attractiveness principle suggests that people are attracted to others who share similar characteristics or qualities, but it is not specifically related to geography or location. The balance principle pertains to the idea that people prefer relationships that are balanced in terms of give and take, while the equality-attraction principle suggests that people are attracted to others who are similar in terms of social status, education, or income.

Question 7

One of the reasons that modern cultures differ so greatly from traditional cultures is that

Accepted Answer

The structure of modern urban life has drastically changed the frequency of different kinds of social relationships. Traditional societies were often based on communal living and interdependent relationships within small groups, while modern societies are characterized by more disconnected social networks and individualistic lifestyles. This shift is largely a result of urbanization and the growth of cities, which have changed the way people live, work, and interact with each other.

Question 8

Which of the following individuals is least likely to keep track of inputs and outputs in a relationship?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a high communal orientation are less likely to keep track of inputs and outputs in a relationship because they value the needs of others and the relationship over keeping a tally of who has given or received more. This contrasts with those who have a high market-value or power orientation, who are more likely to monitor and balance contributions and benefits.

Question 9

In a/an ________ relationship,people keep close track of costs and benefits,whereas in a/an ________ relationship,benefits are provided according to need.

Accepted Answer

In an exchange relationship, individuals keep a close track of costs and benefits and expect to receive equal treatment or compensation. This type of relationship is similar to a market-based one where both parties aim to maximize their gains. In contrast, a communal relationship focuses on providing benefits according to need, without necessarily keeping track of equal exchange. In this type of relationship, individuals prioritize the needs of the group over their individual needs. Therefore, the best choice is B (exchange; communal).

Question 10

Which of the following is FALSE regarding relationships in collectivistic,traditional societies?

Accepted Answer

Relationships in collectivistic, traditional societies tend to be long-lasting and stable, rather than transient.

Question 11

Recent research about technological advances has found that

Accepted Answer

Recent research indicates that while the Internet and platforms like Facebook can offer social capital benefits, their use is also associated with negative impacts on personal relationships, life satisfaction, and an increase in feelings of depression and loneliness.

Question 12

Having a friend present during an embarrassing and stressful event increases anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Having a friend present during an embarrassing and stressful event can provide support and comfort, reducing anxiety.

Question 13

According to the proximity-attraction principle,with whom am I most likely to become friends?

Accepted Answer

The proximity-attraction principle states that we are most likely to form relationships with those who are physically close to us. Therefore, someone who works in the same office or in close proximity to us is more likely to become our friend. Option D is the only answer choice that fits this criteria.

Question 14

Which of the following is FALSE regarding relationships in Western societies?

Accepted Answer

The statement that most relationships are between family members is false. Western societies tend to prioritize individualism and freedom of choice in relationships, resulting in more transient connections between people outside of immediate family members.

Question 15

Assets that can be drawn from one's network of personal relationships are known as

Accepted Answer

Assets that can be drawn from one's network of personal relationships are known as social capital.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding relationships in traditional cultures?

Accepted Answer

In traditional cultures, relationships tend to be permanent and deep-rooted in the community and family structure. Marriage is often arranged or determined by the family, and divorce or breaking off relationships is discouraged or socially frowned upon.

Question 17

Men and women under stress tend to secrete androgens.

Accepted Answer

Under stress, men and women primarily secrete cortisol and adrenaline, not androgens.

Question 18

The tendency to feel positively toward people simply because we have seen them many times is the

Accepted Answer

The tendency to feel positively toward people simply because we have seen them many times is known as the mere exposure effect. This refers to the phenomenon in which individuals develop a preference for stimuli that they have been exposed to repeatedly. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 19

Lonely people set unrealistically high expectations for themselves.

Accepted Answer

Lonely people often have unrealistic expectations for themselves and others because they feel that their needs are not being met, which can lead to disappointment and further feelings of loneliness. They may idealize romantic partners, friendships or social situations, leading to disappointment when reality doesn't match their expectations.

Question 20

Relationships in individualistic cultures tend to follow a/an ________ system of social exchange.

Accepted Answer

Individualistic cultures prioritize personal autonomy and independence, leading to a market-based system of social exchange in which individuals pursue their own self-interests and negotiate for what they want. In contrast, communal cultures prioritize group harmony and interdependence, leading to a personalized or authority ranking system of social exchange in which individuals prioritize the needs of the group over their own individual desires.

Quiz 7: Affiliation and Friendship