Question 1

What is the function of the proteases released when mast cells degranulate?

Accepted Answer

Proteases released from mast cells during degranulation can break down proteins, leading to the destruction of nearby cells and activation of the complement system, which is part of the immune response.

Question 2

Which of the following immunoglobulins is produced by plasma cells in response to an allergen?

Accepted Answer

IgE is the immunoglobulin produced by plasma cells in response to allergens and is involved in allergic reactions.

Question 3

Treatment with which of the following may result in acquired immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Treatment with which of the following may...

Question 4

A child has a history of repeated severe infections and frequently has recurring infections with the same bacterial pathogen. A blood sample shows some lymphopenia, and serological tests are negative. Based on this information, which of the following is the likeliest diagnosis for this child?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child has a history of repeated...

Question 5

The tuberculin response is mediated by

Accepted Answer

The tuberculin response is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, which is mediated by memory T cells.

Question 6

Multiple sclerosis is

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system, particularly cytotoxic T cells, mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath that insulates nerve fibers in the central nervous system.

Question 7

Which of the following is a tissue cell which produces leukotrienes and prostaglandins in response to allergen binding?

Accepted Answer

Mast cells are tissue cells that release leukotrienes and prostaglandins when allergens bind to them, playing a key role in allergic reactions.

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning allografts is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Allografts, which are transplants between genetically different individuals of the same species, often induce strong type IV hypersensitivity reactions due to immune system recognition of foreign antigens. Therefore, immunosuppressive drugs are necessary to prevent rejection.

Question 9

Which condition occurs when antibodies bind to and stimulate receptors that elicit production of thyroid hormone and growth of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies bind to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones and enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Question 10

Which of the following blood types can be safely transfused into someone with O blood type?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following blood types can...

Question 11

When mast cells degranulate and release histamine, which of the following events may occur?

Accepted Answer

Histamine release from mast cells can lead to bronchial spasms and increased mucus production, both of which are common responses in allergic reactions.

Question 12

The facial rash commonly occurring in patients with SLE is the result of

Accepted Answer

The facial rash in SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) is due to the deposition of immune complexes (antibody-antigen complexes) in the skin, leading to inflammation and rash.

Question 13

The disorder known as DiGeorge syndrome is a form of

Accepted Answer

DiGeorge syndrome is a form of immunodeficiency caused by a deletion on chromosome 22, leading to poor development of several body systems, including the immune system.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding cyclosporine is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Cyclosporine primarily acts on activated T cells, not resting T cells.

Question 15

Graft rejection can be reduced by

Accepted Answer

Preventing T cell proliferation is crucial in reducing graft rejection because T cells play a central role in the immune response against transplanted tissues.

Question 16

Jess has A- blood type, has never received a blood transfusion, and never been pregnant. Antibodies against what blood antigens will be present in Jess' blood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jess has A- blood type, has never...

Question 17

An accident victim receives a blood transfusion. Shortly thereafter, he begins to have difficulty breathing, develops a fever, and experiences nausea and vomiting. Which of the following is the most likely interpretation of these events?

Accepted Answer

The recipient had previously been exposed to foreign blood group antigens, and the blood transfusion was mismatched. This is the most likely interpretation of the events because the recipient began to have difficulty breathing, developed a fever, and experienced nausea and vomiting shortly after receiving the blood transfusion. These are all symptoms of a transfusion reaction, which can occur when the recipient's immune system attacks the foreign blood cells.

Question 18

How is hemolytic disease of the newborn prevented?

Accepted Answer

Administering anti-Rh IgG (Rho(D) immune globulin) late in pregnancy and after delivery prevents the mother's immune system from developing antibodies against Rh-positive fetal blood cells.

Question 19

Type I diabetes is a(n)

Accepted Answer

Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

Question 20

Failure to produce functional phagocytes results in disease known as

Accepted Answer

Chronic granulomatous disease is a genetic disorder where phagocytes, such as neutrophils, fail to produce reactive oxygen species necessary for killing certain bacteria and fungi, leading to recurrent infections.

Quiz 18: Immune Disorders