Question 1

Manufacturing 'good' reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Rationalisation involves creating logical reasons or excuses to justify behaviors or outcomes that are otherwise disappointing or unacceptable, often to protect one's self-esteem.

Question 2

The ego defence mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations is known as:

Accepted Answer

Compensation is an ego defense mechanism that involves masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations.

Question 3

Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the:

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the anal stage (ages 1-3) is characterized by a focus on bowel and bladder control. Freud believed that during this stage, conflicts can arise around issues of control and independence, which can lead to feelings of anger, frustration, and destructiveness. Therefore, feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the anal stage.

Question 4

One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful feelings into the unconscious, is:

Accepted Answer

Repression is a defense mechanism proposed by Freud, where distressing thoughts and feelings are unconsciously pushed out of conscious awareness.

Question 5

The ego defence mechanism in which a person exhibits behaviour that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature stages is___________ .

Accepted Answer

Regression is an ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature stages.

Question 6

A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is:

Accepted Answer

Classical psychoanalytic therapists maintain a sense of anonymity to allow clients to project their thoughts and feelings onto the therapist, facilitating transference and deeper exploration of the unconscious.

Question 7

A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behaviour to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which ego defence?

Accepted Answer

Reaction formation is an ego defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings.

Question 8

In Freud's view, an individual experiencing neurotic anxiety feels:

Accepted Answer

In Freud's view, neurotic anxiety arises when an individual feels that they will not be able to control their instincts and will behave inappropriately. This anxiety stems from the ego's fear of losing control to the id or superego.

Question 9

The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to:

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic therapy aims to bring unconscious thoughts and feelings to consciousness, helping individuals understand and resolve deep-seated emotional issues.

Question 10

Resolution of sexual conflicts and sex-role identity is a critical function of the:

Accepted Answer

The resolution of sexual conflicts and sex-role identity is a critical function of the phallic stage, according to Freudian psychosexual development theory. This stage occurs roughly between the ages of 3 and 6 years.

Question 11

The process of redirecting sexual energy into some form of socially acceptable behaviour is known as:

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is a defense mechanism where socially unacceptable impulses or idealizations are transformed into socially acceptable actions or behavior.

Question 12

Directing energy toward another object or a person when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a 'safer target') is known as:

Accepted Answer

Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotional energy is redirected from a threatening target to a safer one.

Question 13

Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Introspective techniques involve conscious self-reflection and do not directly access the unconscious mind, unlike dreams, posthypnotic suggestions, and free association, which are methods used to explore unconscious processes.

Question 14

The 'fundamental rule' for the client in psychoanalysis is:

Accepted Answer

The 'fundamental rule' for the client in psychoanalysis is to participate in free association, which involves expressing any thoughts, feelings, or memories that come to mind without censorship or editing. This process is believed to help uncover and explore unconscious conflicts and experiences, and is a cornerstone of psychoanalytic treatment. While the other options (forming a contract with the therapist, doing homework assignments, and writing down dreams) may be important aspects of psychoanalytic therapy, they are not the fundamental rule for the client.

Question 15

Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Projection is a defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own unacceptable qualities or feelings to others.

Question 16

A young man who adopts his parents' outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Introjection involves adopting the beliefs or attitudes of others, often parents, to reduce anxiety or internal conflict.

Question 17

The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development?

Accepted Answer

The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with the phallic stage of psychosexual development, which occurs around ages 3 to 6.

Question 18

A person who manages his or her anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is probably using:

Accepted Answer

Denial is a defense mechanism in which a person refuses to acknowledge painful events or reality.

Question 19

The concept of resistance can best be described as all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Resistance is considered valuable in psychoanalytic therapy as it provides insight into the client's unconscious processes and is an important aspect to analyze and interpret.

Question 20

A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is:

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy is a more flexible approach that incorporates psychoanalytic principles but allows for more adaptability in the therapeutic process compared to traditional psychoanalysis.

Quiz 4: Psychoanalytic Therapy