Question 1

A cytologist is examining a tissue under an electron microscope.He notices that the endoplasmic reticulum of each cell is extremely rough in appearance and he knows that the rough appearance is because of the ribosomes embedded there.He asks why there are so many ribosomes.You respond,
A)"This tissue exports lipids and is very involved with mRNA production."
B)"This tissue exports proteins to other areas of the body."
C)"This tissue exports various nucleic acids, hence the large number of ribosomes present on the endoplasmic reticulum in each of those cells."

Accepted Answer

The presence of a large number of ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum is indicative of a tissue involved in protein synthesis, processing, and sorting. The rough endoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in protein synthesis and modification, and is often present in cells that are involved in protein secretion, such as glandular tissues or cells that make up the pancreas. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it accurately describes the function of the tissue in question.

Question 2

The distinctive feature of chloroplasts is that they contain a green pigment called:
A)Gram stain.
B)chlorophyll.
C)hemoglobin.
D)chromatin.

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy from the sun and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.

Question 3

Your research project involves characterizing the expression pattern of a nuclear pore protein.After using immunohistochemistry to fluorescently label the protein, you decide that you would like to capture the data as a 3-D image.Which microscope should you use?
A)confocal microscope
B)scanning electron microscope
C)phase-contrast microscope
D)fluorescence microscope

Accepted Answer

A confocal microscope is ideal for capturing 3-D images of fluorescently labeled samples, as it can collect optical sections at different depths and reconstruct them into a 3-D image.

Question 4

When a vesicle moves along microtubules toward the center of the cell, the molecular motor(s) _____ are used?
A)dynein
B)both kinesin and dynein
C)Molecular motors are not required for movement along microtubules.
D)kinesin

Accepted Answer

Dynein is the molecular motor responsible for moving vesicles toward the minus end of microtubules, which is typically oriented toward the center of the cell.

Question 5

You have identified an enzyme that appears to be involved in the addition of palmityl group (a fatty acid) to certain proteins.Knowing that palmitoylated proteins are usually targeted for delivery to the plasma membrane, in which organelles might this enzyme be expressed?
A)Golgi apparatus and nucleus
B)Golgi apparatus and endoplamic reticulum
C)Endoplamic reticulum and ribosomes
D)Endoplamic reticulum and nucleus

Accepted Answer

The enzyme involved in palmitoylation is likely expressed in the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, as these organelles are involved in protein modification and trafficking to the plasma membrane.

Question 6

A doctor diagnosis a child with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) a disorder in which there is an accumulation of long fatty acid chains accumulating in the cells of the central nervous system.The issues arise with malfunctions in enzymes associated with which organelle?
A)Golgi bodies
B)ribosomes
C)vacuoles
D)peroxisomes

Accepted Answer

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is associated with malfunctions in peroxisomes, which are responsible for breaking down very long-chain fatty acids.

Question 7

Peroxisomes are examples of:
A)microbodies.
B)ribosomes.
C)chromosomes.
D)nucleosomes.

Accepted Answer

Peroxisomes are classified as microbodies, which are small, membrane-bound organelles found in cells.

Question 8

A protein that is destined to reach the plasma membrane is making its way through the Golgi.At that moment, a drug was added to cells, blocking trafficking at the trans face of the Golgi.As a result, what would happen to the protein?
A)The protein would continue on to the cell surface.
B)The protein would be stuck in the Golgi.
C)The protein would return to the endoplasmic reticulum via the trans face of the Golgi.
D)The protein would exit the Golgi, but instead be targeted to the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

Blocking trafficking at the trans face of the Golgi would prevent the protein from exiting the Golgi and reaching the plasma membrane, so it would become stuck in the Golgi.

Question 9

If you were to use antibodies that were chemically bonded to a stain in order to visualize the expression pattern of a protein in a fixed tissue, what experimental techniques and equipment would be applicable?
A)antibody interference assay, bright-field microscopy
B)immunohistochemistry, dark-field microscopy
C)immunohistochemistry, bright-field microscopy
D)DAPI or Hoechst stains, fluorescence microscopy

Accepted Answer

Immunohistochemistry involves using antibodies linked to a stain to detect proteins in tissue sections, and bright-field microscopy is commonly used to visualize the stained tissues.

Question 10

Nuclear pores permit the passage of all the following except:
A)RNA only outward.
B)proteins inward and outward.
C)DNA molecules only outward.

Accepted Answer

While both RNA and proteins can pass through nuclear pores in both directions, DNA molecules are typically too large to pass through the pores and require special transport mechanisms.

Question 11

The nucleolus is the site of:
A)protein synthesis.
B)uncoiling and unraveling of chromosomes.
C)ribosome assembly.
D)lipid synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The nucleolus is primarily involved in the assembly of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 12

Plants, fungi and bacterial all have:
A)nuclei
B)cell walls
C)chloroplasts
D)lysosomes

Accepted Answer

Plants, fungi, and bacteria all have cell walls, which provide structural support and protection. However, they do not all have nuclei, chloroplasts, or lysosomes.

Question 13

Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, what cellular structures must you include?
A)cell wall
B)ribosomes
C)mitochondria
D)nucleus

Accepted Answer

The minimal essential functions of cellular life require only a membrane to enclose the cell and ribosomes to carry out protein synthesis. A cell wall, mitochondria, and a nucleus are not necessary for basic cellular functions.

Question 14

Sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in geothermal environments, with an optimum growth temperature of about 80 $\degree$C.What feature allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures?
A)Archaea are highly adaptable to changing environmental temperatures.
B)Archaea have two cell walls which helps prevent heat absorption.
C)Archaeal membranes contain special lipids.
D)Archaea use the heat from their environment to produce ATP.

Accepted Answer

Archaeal membranes contain special lipids, such as ether-linked lipids, which provide stability and functionality at high temperatures, allowing them to thrive in extreme environments.

Question 15

Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of:
A)microtubules in a 9 + 2 arrangement.
B)protein fibers in a helical arrangement.
C)actin filaments in a 9 + 2 arrangement.
D)nine triplets of microtubules in a circle.

Accepted Answer

Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of microtubules arranged in a 9 + 2 pattern, where nine pairs of microtubules form a ring around two central microtubules.

Question 16

You stain a cell with a dye that reacts with an enzyme found in the lysosome.You would also expect to see this dye in the:
A)nucleus.
B)mitochondria.
C)endoplasmic reticulum.
D)cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You stain a cell with a dye...

Question 17

A team of researchers is studying the external structures on the dorsal (back) surface of a spider mite.The spider mite seems to be the habitat of an even smaller mite, which is approximately 0.05mm.While they can see the dorsal surface of the spider mite with their naked eye, they cannot see the mite clearly.The researchers are writing a grant to provide support for a microscope to use to study these new mites.They need to purchase a microscope with a high magnification to observe the new mites on their habitat.Based on the information given, what type of microscope would you suggest?
A)scanning electron microscope
B) no microscope is powerful enough to see the smaller mite
C)binocular compound light microscope
D)transmission electron microscope

Accepted Answer

A binocular compound light microscope is the most appropriate choice for observing the smaller mite on the spider mite's dorsal surface. This type of microscope provides high magnification and allows for the examination of relatively large specimens, making it suitable for studying the external structures of the smaller mite.

Question 18

Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage.Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected by alcohol consumption?
A)Golgi apparatus
B)Nucleus
C)Lysosome
D)Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of...

Question 19

A cell biologist has developed a new drug that blocks vesicle transport at the cis face of the Golgi apparatus.What will this drug prevent from happening inside a cell?
A)The synthesis of proteins or lipids on the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)The movement of materials from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane.
C)The movement of vesicles from mitochondria to the Golgi apparatus.
D)The movement of the lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

Accepted Answer

The drug blocks vesicle transport at the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, preventing the movement of lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

Question 20

The spreading of cancer cells, wound healing, and blood clotting all rely on the same type of cell movement called:
A)swimming.
B)crawling.
C)waving.
D)whipping.

Accepted Answer

Crawling is the type of cell movement that is used in the spreading of cancer cells, wound healing, and blood clotting.

Quiz 4: Cell Structure

A cytologist is examining a tissue under an electron microscope.He notices that the endoplasmic reticulum of each cell is extremely rough in appearance and he knows that the rough appearance is because of the ribosomes embedded there.He asks why there are so many ribosomes.You respond,

The distinctive feature of chloroplasts is that they contain a green pigment called:

Your research project involves characterizing the expression pattern of a nuclear pore protein.After using immunohistochemistry to fluorescently label the protein, you decide that you would like to capture the data as a 3-D image.Which microscope should you use?

When a vesicle moves along microtubules toward the center of the cell, the molecular motor(s) _____ are used?

You have identified an enzyme that appears to be involved in the addition of palmityl group (a fatty acid) to certain proteins.Knowing that palmitoylated proteins are usually targeted for delivery to the plasma membrane, in which organelles might this enzyme be expressed?

A doctor diagnosis a child with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) a disorder in which there is an accumulation of long fatty acid chains accumulating in the cells of the central nervous system.The issues arise with malfunctions in enzymes associated with which organelle?

Peroxisomes are examples of:

A protein that is destined to reach the plasma membrane is making its way through the Golgi.At that moment, a drug was added to cells, blocking trafficking at the trans face of the Golgi.As a result, what would happen to the protein?

If you were to use antibodies that were chemically bonded to a stain in order to visualize the expression pattern of a protein in a fixed tissue, what experimental techniques and equipment would be applicable?

Nuclear pores permit the passage of all the following except:

The nucleolus is the site of:

Plants, fungi and bacterial all have:

Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, what cellular structures must you include?

Sulfolobus are archaea that are commonly found in geothermal environments, with an optimum growth temperature of about 80 $\degree$ C.What feature allows archaea to thrive at such temperatures?

Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of:

You stain a cell with a dye that reacts with an enzyme found in the lysosome.You would also expect to see this dye in the:

Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage.Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected by alcohol consumption?

A cell biologist has developed a new drug that blocks vesicle transport at the cis face of the Golgi apparatus.What will this drug prevent from happening inside a cell?

The spreading of cancer cells, wound healing, and blood clotting all rely on the same type of cell movement called: