Question 1

After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:
A) increased heart rate.
B) decreased blood pressure.
C) increased rate and depth of respirations.
D) decreased myocardial contractility.

Accepted Answer

The Bainbridge reflex, also known as the atrial reflex, is a physiological response that increases heart rate when there is an increase in venous return to the heart.

Question 2

Local myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and thus blood flow through a vessel is an example of:
A) autonomic regulation.
B) somatic regulation.
C) autoregulation.
D) metabolic regulation.

Accepted Answer

Autoregulation refers to the local, intrinsic ability of an organ or tissue to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure, which is what myogenic regulation achieves by adjusting vessel diameter.

Question 3

Within a normal physiologic range, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume would lead the nurse to monitor for:
A) an increased force of contraction.
B) a decrease in cardiac output.
C) an increase in heart rate.
D) heart failure.

Accepted Answer

An increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume leads to an increased force of contraction due to the Frank-Starling mechanism, where the heart muscle fibers contract more forcefully when stretched.

Question 4

One difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle is that:
A) cardiac muscle cells are arranged in branching networks.
B) skeletal muscle cells have only one nucleus.
C) cardiac muscle cells appear striped.
D) skeletal muscle cells contain sarcomeres.

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells are arranged in branching networks, which is a key difference from the linear arrangement of skeletal muscle cells.

Question 5

The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:
A) C.
B) I.
C) T.
D) M.

Accepted Answer

Troponin T is the subunit of the troponin complex that binds to tropomyosin, anchoring the complex to the actin filament.

Question 6

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.
A) pressure; duration
B) volume; force
C) viscosity; force
D) viscosity; duration

Accepted Answer

The Frank-Starling law states that the force of contraction during systole is directly proportional to the volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole. This is because the more blood that is in the heart, the more it is stretched, and the more forcefully it will contract.

Question 7

A 50 year old was prescribed a drug that acts as a negative inotrope.Which endogenous substances would be most similar?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Dopamine
C) Epinephrine
D) Thyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that can decrease heart rate and contractility, acting as a negative inotrope, similar to the drug described.

Question 8

The thoracic lymphatic duct drains into the:
A) left subclavian artery.
B) right atrium.
C) right subclavian vein.
D) left subclavian vein.

Accepted Answer

The thoracic lymphatic duct drains into the left subclavian vein, where it joins with the left internal jugular vein to form the left brachiocephalic vein.

Question 9

Muscle contractions occur when there is a decreased:
A) distance between Z lines.
B) A band length.
C) Z line length.
D) H zone distance.

Accepted Answer

During muscle contraction, the sarcomere shortens, which decreases the distance between Z lines. The A band length remains constant, while the H zone and I band shorten.

Question 10

The primary cardiovascular control center is located in the:
A) cerebral cortex.
B) thalamus.
C) medulla.
D) hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The primary cardiovascular control center is located in the medulla oblongata, which regulates heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 11

What are the thickened areas of the sarcolemma of myocardial cells that enable electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion called?
A) Myosins
B) Intercalated disks
C) Troponin Ts
D) I bands

Accepted Answer

Intercalated disks are thickened areas of the sarcolemma of myocardial cells that enable electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion.

Question 12

A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole.Which term is the nurse describing?
A) Preload
B) Afterload
C) Systemic vascular resistance
D) Total peripheral resistance

Accepted Answer

Preload refers to the pressure or volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole, just before contraction.

Question 13

A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume.What is the cardiologist measuring?
A) Vascular resistance
B) Preload
C) Cardiac output
D) Ejection fraction

Accepted Answer

The cardiologist is measuring cardiac output, which is calculated by multiplying the heart rate by the stroke volume.

Question 14

The process by which an action potential in the plasma membrane of a myocardial cell triggers the events that directly cause contraction of the myocardial cells is referred to as:
A) electrocontraction.
B) intercalated communication.
C) excitation-contraction coupling.
D) myosin communication.

Accepted Answer

Excitation-contraction coupling is the physiological process where an electrical stimulus (action potential) leads to muscle contraction, specifically in myocardial cells.

Question 15

Baroreceptors are located in the:
A) renal artery.
B) superior vena cava.
C) carotid artery.
D) circle of Willis.

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptors are primarily located in the carotid artery and the aortic arch, where they detect changes in blood pressure.

Question 16

A nurse is evaluating stroke volume.Which of the following factors affect stroke volume? (Select all that apply.)
A) Preload
B) Peripheral vascular resistance
C) Afterload
D) Ejection fraction
E) Contractility

Accepted Answer

Preload, afterload, and contractility are the primary factors that affect stroke volume. Preload refers to the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction, afterload is the pressure the heart must work against to eject blood, and contractility is the intrinsic ability of cardiac muscle to contract.

Question 17

Blood flow is affected by: (Select all that apply.)
A) blood viscosity.
B) blood vessel diameter.
C) blood pressure.
D) blood vessel length.
E) blood composition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Blood flow is affected by: (Select all...

Quiz 25: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:

Local myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and thus blood flow through a vessel is an example of:

Within a normal physiologic range, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume would lead the nurse to monitor for:

One difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle is that:

The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _ of contraction during the next systole.

A 50 year old was prescribed a drug that acts as a negative inotrope.Which endogenous substances would be most similar?

The thoracic lymphatic duct drains into the:

Muscle contractions occur when there is a decreased:

The primary cardiovascular control center is located in the:

What are the thickened areas of the sarcolemma of myocardial cells that enable electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion called?

A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole.Which term is the nurse describing?

A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume.What is the cardiologist measuring?

The process by which an action potential in the plasma membrane of a myocardial cell triggers the events that directly cause contraction of the myocardial cells is referred to as:

Baroreceptors are located in the:

A nurse is evaluating stroke volume.Which of the following factors affect stroke volume? (Select all that apply.)

Blood flow is affected by: (Select all that apply.)