Question 1

By the year 2030,the worldwide population in towns and cities of the developing world will account for a little:
A) more than 80%
B) less than 60%
C) more than 40%
D) more than 20%
E) less than 20%

Accepted Answer

According to the United Nations, by the year 2030, it is projected that over 80% of the world's population living in urban areas will be in developing countries. This is due to high rates of urbanization and population growth in these countries.

Question 2

According to the text,minorities move to the suburbs for the same reasons that other people do,such as to have better schools and less crime.According to the chairman of the Chicago Housing Authority,urbanization:
A) is not about race but about social class
B) is about race because minorities are not welcomed
C) has been only for the upper-middle classes
D) really does not exist anymore
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

According to the chairman of the Chicago Housing Authority, urbanization is not about race but about social class, implying that minorities move to the suburbs for the same reasons as other people. Option B is incorrect as the text does not state that minorities are not welcomed. Option C is incorrect as the text does not specify that urbanization has been only for the upper-middle classes. Option D is also incorrect as the text does not imply that urbanization does not exist anymore.

Question 3

Suburbanization in the United States was possible because of the:
A) emphasis on a pastoral lifestyle found in the countryside
B) availability of federal Housing Assistance (fHA) loans
C) development of factories at the turn of the twentieth century
D) massive outflow of racial minorities leaving cities for better jobs
E) the movement to create a better rail system

Accepted Answer

The availability of federal Housing Assistance (fHA) loans allowed for the construction and purchase of homes in suburban areas. These loans, along with the GI Bill for returning veterans after World War II, made it easier for middle-class families to move out of the city and into the suburbs.

Question 4

According research by John Logan and Harvey Molotch (1987),the key factors structuring modern city neighborhoods are:
A) tensions and conflicts between different groups around the use of property
B) ecological processes
C) urban ways of life
D) acts of collective consumption
E) acts of collective conscience

Accepted Answer

According to the research by John Logan and Harvey Molotch (1987), the main factors that shape modern city neighborhoods are tensions and conflicts between different groups around the use of property. This refers to the struggle for resources, access to services and amenities, and the competition over land use which are key features of urban life. Ecological processes, urban ways of life, acts of collective consumption, and acts of collective conscience are also important factors, but they are secondary to the conflicts and tensions surrounding property use.

Question 5

The northeast corridor of the United States,an area covering some 450 miles from north of Boston to south of Washington,D.C.,has 44 million people.This area is referred to as a:
A) mega city
B) conurbation
C) megalopolis
D) global city
E) walled city

Accepted Answer

The term "megalopolis" is used to describe a region that includes multiple large cities and their surrounding areas merging together to form a continuous urban landscape. The northeast corridor, with its string of bustling metropolitan areas and dense population, fits this description and is commonly referred to as a megalopolis. The other options do not accurately describe this particular region.

Question 6

The first society to undergo industrialization was in:
A) Great Britain
B) the United States
C) Egypt
D) Indochina
E) Russia

Accepted Answer

Great Britain was the first country to undergo industrialization, starting in the late 18th century with the development of textile manufacturing and the invention of the steam engine. This marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution which eventually spread to other countries in Europe and North America.

Question 7

Louis Wirth saw that an approach explaining how the cultural life of cities comes to dominate areas outside cities as well is:
A) urban ecology
B) urbanism as a way of life
C) the created-environment approach to urban analysis
D) collective consumption
E) the collective conscience

Accepted Answer

Louis Wirth is best known for his work on urban sociology, particularly his essay "Urbanism as a Way of Life," where he argues that the urban environment creates a distinctive way of life that influences areas beyond the city itself. This perspective focuses on the social and cultural aspects of urban life and how they shape human behavior and interactions.

Question 8

In modern societies,most of the population lives:
A) on small, isolated farms
B) in the countryside
C) in villages
D) in small towns
E) in cities

Accepted Answer

The majority of the population in modern societies live in cities. This is due to the concentration of job opportunities, transportation, and access to resources, among other factors.

Question 9

Most cities of the ancient world shared:
A) an outer wall that offered both military defense and separation from the countryside
B) a central area that was primarily a business district, much like cities today
C) an area on the perimeter or even outside the walls where the elite lived
D) religious temples that were usually in the countryside beyond the walls
E) an absence of ceremonial or political main buildings

Accepted Answer

Many ancient cities had an outer wall that served as a form of military defense and also separated them from the surrounding countryside. This was particularly important in ancient times when attacks from neighboring tribes or empires were common.

Question 10

Industrialization generated the movement of population from the countryside into towns and cities,which is known as:
A) conurbation
B) metropolization
C) megalomania
D) urbanization
E) gentrification

Accepted Answer

Urbanization refers to the movement of population from rural areas into cities and towns. This is often a result of industrialization and the opportunities it creates in urban centers. Conurbation refers to the merging of several urban areas into one large urban entity, metropolization refers to the growth of metropolitan areas and their influence on surrounding regions, megalomania refers to an obsession with power and greatness, and gentrification refers to the process of renovation and improvement of urban neighborhoods, often leading to displacement of existing residents.

Question 11

Cities,like plant and animal populations,grow following principles of adaptation and equilibrium so that neighborhoods were settled in a process of competition,invasion,and succession.This is the idea behind:
A) urban ecology or the ecological approach to urban analysis
B) urbanism as a way of life
C) the created-environment approach to urban analysis
D) collective consumption
E) the collective conscience

Accepted Answer

The idea of competition, invasion, and succession in the settlement of neighborhoods aligns with the principles of adaptation and equilibrium in urban ecology, which is the study of the interactions between urban environments and the organisms that inhabit them.

Question 12

A cluster of cities and towns forming a continuous network is called:
A) a conurbation
B) a metropolis
C) a megalopolis
D) urbanization
E) gentrification

Accepted Answer

A cluster of cities and towns forming a continuous network is called a conurbation. A metropolis is a single large city, while megalopolis is a group of several metropolises forming a continuous urban belt. Urbanization refers to the process of increasing the proportion of people living in cities and towns, while gentrification is the process of renovating and improving a neighborhood, often leading to displacement of lower-income residents.

Question 13

A term originally referring to an ancient Greek utopian planned city-state but now applied to a "city of cities" is:
A) suburbanization
B) metropolis
C) megalopolis
D) urbanization
E) gentrification

Accepted Answer

The term "megalopolis" originally referred to an ancient Greek planned city-state, but it now commonly refers to a vast, interconnected network of cities and suburbs. Examples of megalopolises include the northeastern coast of the United States, which encompasses major cities like New York City, Boston, and Philadelphia.

Question 14

Most contemporary theory and research in urban sociology focuses on cities as:
A) natural formations
B) places of conflict
C) created environments or social constructions
D) danger zones of incivility
E) places of social equity

Accepted Answer

Most contemporary theory and research in urban sociology emphasizes cities as socially constructed environments. This perspective sees cities as shaped by human actions and interactions, rather than inherent or natural features. This view helps to highlight the significance of social, economic, and political forces in shaping urban life, and how these forces can lead to inequality and conflict within cities.

Question 15

Pedro lives in a small neighborhood in the heart of a large city.Lately,burglaries and assaults have occurred near his block.Pedro and his neighbors believe that they have not seen any crime on their block because they know each other,notice when strangers or strange cars are in the neighborhood,and have a mix of older retired couples and young families who use the neighborhood at different times of the day.Jane Jacobs would see this as an example of:
A) gentrification
B) nosy neighbors
C) inner-city life
D) created community
E) eyes and ears on the street

Accepted Answer

Pedro and his neighbors demonstrate the concept of "eyes and ears on the street," which is the idea that active and engaged neighbors can help to prevent crime by being aware of their surroundings and looking out for each other. This concept is central to Jane Jacobs' theory of urban planning, as it emphasizes the importance of community and social connections in promoting safety and livability in urban areas.

Question 16

The type of process that urbanization in the twenty-first century is known as is:
A) first world
B) second world
C) third world
D) global
E) localized

Accepted Answer

Urbanization in the twenty-first century is global, as it is taking place on a large scale worldwide, affecting both developed and developing countries. It is characterized by rapid population growth, increased migration to cities, and the expansion of urban areas.

Question 17

Louis Wirth identified the "urban interaction problem" as the necessity for city dwellers to respect social boundaries when many people are in close proximity all the time.An example of this is:
A) joining a conversation on a city stoop
B) asking for survey participants on the sidewalk
C) talking on cell phones and using an iPod
D) making eye contact with the street vendors
E) taking photographs of people on the street

Accepted Answer

Louis Wirth's concept of the "urban interaction problem" refers to the challenge of maintaining personal space and social boundaries in densely populated areas. Talking on cell phones and using an iPod are examples of how individuals navigate these social boundaries by engaging in private activities in public spaces, thereby managing their interactions with the multitude of people around them.

Question 18

The first cities emerged about 3500 B.C.E.in the:
A) Nile River valley
B) central valley of Mexico
C) Chinese mainland
D) Andes mountains of Bolivia
E) Great Zimbabwe settlement

Accepted Answer

The first cities emerged in the Nile River valley around 3500 B.C.E. with the development of the ancient Egyptian civilization. This region was able to support a large population because of the fertile land provided by the Nile River, which allowed for the growth of crops and the development of a complex society.

Question 19

In regard to cities,both David Harvey and Manuel Castells stressed:
A) natural growth
B) ecological processes
C) political, economic, and social construction
D) size
E) social justice

Accepted Answer

Both David Harvey and Manuel Castells emphasize that cities are not just natural or organic entities, but are constructed through political, economic, and social processes. They argue that urbanization is shaped by power relations, class struggles, and global forces, and that cities therefore embody a dialectic of development and deprivation, inclusion and exclusion, order and disorder. For them, the key challenge for urban theory and practice is to promote social justice and democratic participation in the formation and transformation of urban spaces.

Question 20

Of the following trends,the one that is a latent consequence of the decline in the manufacturing economy in the United States is:
A) the low unemployment in cities that relied on industry for their economy
B) a decrease in the feminization of poverty
C) a large number of men considered desirable for marriage
D) an increase in female-headed, single-parent households
E) the growing number of racial minorities moving to suburban neighborhoods

Accepted Answer

The decline in the manufacturing economy in the United States has led to a decrease in stable, well-paying jobs for men without higher education, causing an increase in female-headed, single-parent households. This trend is a latent consequence of the decline in the manufacturing industry. The other options are not directly related to this economic shift.

Quiz 19: Urbanization, population, and The Environment

By the year 2030,the worldwide population in towns and cities of the developing world will account for a little:

According to the text,minorities move to the suburbs for the same reasons that other people do,such as to have better schools and less crime.According to the chairman of the Chicago Housing Authority,urbanization:

Suburbanization in the United States was possible because of the:

According research by John Logan and Harvey Molotch (1987) ,the key factors structuring modern city neighborhoods are:

The northeast corridor of the United States,an area covering some 450 miles from north of Boston to south of Washington,D.C.,has 44 million people.This area is referred to as a:

The first society to undergo industrialization was in:

Louis Wirth saw that an approach explaining how the cultural life of cities comes to dominate areas outside cities as well is:

In modern societies,most of the population lives:

Most cities of the ancient world shared:

Industrialization generated the movement of population from the countryside into towns and cities,which is known as:

Cities,like plant and animal populations,grow following principles of adaptation and equilibrium so that neighborhoods were settled in a process of competition,invasion,and succession.This is the idea behind:

A cluster of cities and towns forming a continuous network is called:

A term originally referring to an ancient Greek utopian planned city-state but now applied to a "city of cities" is:

Most contemporary theory and research in urban sociology focuses on cities as:

The type of process that urbanization in the twenty-first century is known as is:

Louis Wirth identified the "urban interaction problem" as the necessity for city dwellers to respect social boundaries when many people are in close proximity all the time.An example of this is:

The first cities emerged about 3500 B.C.E.in the:

In regard to cities,both David Harvey and Manuel Castells stressed:

Of the following trends,the one that is a latent consequence of the decline in the manufacturing economy in the United States is: