Question 1

Why did the United States fail to join the League of Nations? Consider the role of Wilson himself, Henry Cabot Lodge, the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, and American political traditions including isolationism, constitutionalism, and nationalism.

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Question 2

Summarize President Wilson's Fourteen Points. Which were substantially attained as a result of American participation in World War I? Which were not? Why? Which political leaders in America and Europe bear the greatest responsibility for the failure to attain the most critically important of Wilson's Fourteen Points concerning peace, collective security, democracy, and self-determination?

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Question 3

What were the most important of Wilson's progressive reforms? Was Wilson actually a more effective progressive than Theodore Roosevelt? Why or why not?

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Question 4

How did specific personality characteristics of Woodrow Wilson advance or hinder the accomplishment of particular policy and political goals of the president including his efforts to gain Senate ratification of the Treaty of Versailles and achieve America's entrance into the League of Nations?

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Question 5

Among the major targets of the wartime Espionage and Sedition Acts were

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The Espionage and Sedition Acts targeted groups and individuals seen as opposing the war effort or government, including the Industrial Workers of the World, socialist leader Eugene V. Debs, and German Americans due to wartime xenophobia.

Question 6

President Wilson's position at the Paris Peace Conference was weakened by

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Wilson's position was weakened by the Republican victories in the 1918 midterm elections, which shifted control of Congress, and by his failure to include a leading Senate Republican in the delegation, which alienated key political figures needed for treaty ratification.

Question 7

Examples of forceful federal government action to organize the nation for war were

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Question 8

The election of 1920

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The election of 1920 showed the public's fatigue with Wilson's idealism (B), was the first after women gained the right to vote (C), and Republicans used it to oppose the League of Nations (E).

Question 9

It has been said that despite his intentions and idealistic pronouncements, Woodrow Wilson's Latin American and Caribbean policies were just as imperialistic as those of Theodore Roosevelt. Do you agree? Why or why not?

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Question 10

Why did President Wilson have such difficulty getting his own allies at the Paris Peace Conference to accept the principles of the Fourteen Points? To what extent did the Treaty of Versailles embody the principles of the Fourteen Points?

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Question 11

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge effectively stalled consideration of the Treaty of Versailles by the full Senate

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Question 12

Compare the issues and candidates in the presidential elections of 1912 and 1916. Account for Wilson's victory in each case.

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Question 13

President Wilson's Fourteen Points included

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President Wilson's Fourteen Points were a set of principles that he proposed as a basis for peace negotiations at the end of World War I. The points included: arms limitation, self-determination, maintaining great powers' spheres of influence, freedom of the seas, and a permanent international organization.

Question 14

Based on the run-up to World War I, the wartime experience of America as a political and military ally of Great Britain and France, and the immediate postwar political conflict and disillusionment America experienced in trying to determine and establish its proper place in world affairs, why is it fair to say that the issue of Wilsonianism has dominated discussions and debates of American foreign policy from the World War I era to the present? How does the debate among American historians about Woodrow Wilson in "Varying Viewpoints: Woodrow Wilson: Realist or Idealist?" help you form your answer about the fundamental place of Wilsonianism in the debates over American foreign policy from 1914 to the present?

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Question 15

Summarize the impact of American participation in World War I on the national economy, civil liberties, and public attitudes about race relations and the evolving roles of women in American society. Which wartime impacts on the national economy, civil liberties and public attitudes on race relations, and the evolving roles of women in American society were likely to be sustained in postwar America? Which impacts were likely to recede to the status quo ante? Support your answers with specific wartime examples in these political, economic, and cultural areas.

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Question 16

Wilson once remarked that he was "going to teach the South American republics to elect good men." Do you think that this was a proper function for the president of the United States? Why or why not? Use U.S. relations with Mexico to illustrate your view.

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Question 17

In the 1930s, many Americans came to believe that American business and arms manufacturers had engaged in a conspiracy to get the United States into World War I. Is there any evidence to support such a view? In what ways did American business actually benefit from U.S. neutrality in the war?

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Question 18

Assess America's policy of neutrality at the outset of World War I. Consider both Wilson's policies in regard to Britain and Germany and the sentiments of the American public. Were we "neutral in thought as well as deed"? Explain.

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Question 19

Assess Wilson's conduct of foreign policy from 1914 to 1917. Do you think that he could have pursued a different course that would have kept the United States out of the war? Should he have? Why or why not?

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Question 20

Critically evaluate Woodrow Wilson's personal qualities as they affected his conduct of foreign policy. How did his strong belief in promoting morality and democracy in other countries emerge from his own view of the world?

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Quiz 29: Wilsonian Progressivism in Peace and War