Question 1

Jake has abnormally high levels of androgens. Jake is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Androgens are hormones that play a role in male traits and reproductive activity. High levels of androgens are associated with increased sexual interest.

Question 2

A person gets sick with the flu and vomits. It so happens that shortly before, she had eaten a roast beef sandwich. Now every time she sees a roast beef sandwich, she begins to feel ill. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of learned taste aversion, where an individual associates the taste of a certain food with a negative reaction, such as illness, after a single experience.

Question 3

Young human infants can mimic facial expressions. This is:

Accepted Answer

This behavior is considered an example of an innate releasing mechanism, which is a genetically programmed response to specific stimuli, such as facial expressions in infants.

Question 4

What role do researchers hypothesize that the hypothalamus and amygdala play in eating?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What role do researchers hypothesize that the...

Question 5

Neuroimaging studies suggest that the insula identifies the _____ of flavors, whereas the orbitofrontal cortex codes for the _____ of tastes.

Accepted Answer

The insula is involved in identifying the nature and intensity of flavors, while the orbitofrontal cortex is associated with coding the affective properties, such as the pleasantness or unpleasantness, of tastes.

Question 6

In operant conditioning, an event that strengthens a particular behavior is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A reinforcer is an event or stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated in operant conditioning.

Question 7

The idea that reinforcement controls behavior is MOST often associated with:

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner is most closely associated with the idea that reinforcement controls behavior. He developed the theory of operant conditioning, which states that behavior is shaped by its consequences.

Question 8

Cognitive interpretations that influence thought and behavior are called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cognitive interpretations that influence thought and behavior...

Question 9

The discipline that applies principles of natural selection to human behavior is:

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology applies principles of natural selection to human behavior.

Question 10

Why is Butler and Harlow's (1954) study of monkeys in an isolated room important?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is Butler and Harlow's (1954) study...

Question 11

According to Daly and Wilson, homicide is:

Accepted Answer

Daly and Wilson suggest that homicide is related to behaviors that may have been adaptive in the past, such as competition for resources or mates, rather than being purely learned or maladaptive.

Question 12

A pigeon cannot be trained to peck a disk to:

Accepted Answer

Pigeons can be trained to peck a disk for food, water, or even mating opportunities, but escaping from foot shock is not a natural or typical reinforcement for pigeons.

Question 13

Activators for inborn adaptive responses that aid in an animal's survival are called innate:

Accepted Answer

Innate releasing mechanisms are neural circuits that trigger instinctive behaviors in response to specific stimuli, aiding in an animal's survival.

Question 14

Learned taste aversion:

Accepted Answer

Learned taste aversion typically occurs after just one pairing of a specific taste with nausea or illness, demonstrating rapid learning.

Question 15

Coyotes cannot learn to stop attacking sheep even if farmers shoot and kill many of them. However, if the coyotes are allowed to eat a poisoned sheep carcass that makes them sick, they will quickly learn not to eat sheep anymore. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of learned taste aversion, where an animal associates the taste of a particular food with an unpleasant experience, such as feeling sick, and subsequently avoids that food.

Question 16

Blind human children:

Accepted Answer

Blind human children show the same facial expressions as sighted children, indicating that facial expressions are innate and not solely learned through visual observation.

Question 17

The predisposition to make certain associations more easily than others is called:

Accepted Answer

Preparedness is the predisposition to make certain associations more easily than others. This is due to our evolutionary history, which has prepared us to learn certain things more quickly than others. For example, we are more likely to learn to fear snakes than flowers, because snakes have been a threat to our survival for millions of years.

Question 18

The gustatory region of the insula is responsive to _____, whereas the primary somatosensory cortex is responsive to _____.

Accepted Answer

The gustatory region of the insula is involved in processing taste, while the primary somatosensory cortex is involved in processing tactile stimulation and texture.

Question 19

Tanya gives her dog a treat every time he urinates outside. Every time he urinates inside, she does not give him a treat. What principle is Tanya using to potty-train her dog?

Accepted Answer

Tanya is using reinforcement, specifically positive reinforcement, by giving her dog a treat to encourage the desired behavior of urinating outside.

Question 20

Innate releasing mechanisms:

Accepted Answer

Innate releasing mechanisms are innate but can be influenced and modified by experience and learning.

Quiz 12: What Causes Emotional and Motivated Behavior