Question 1

After receiving a reinforcer on a fixed-interval schedule,the organism ______
A)stops
B)continues responding at a higher rate
C)continues responding at the same rate
D)initially continues responding at the same rate,then decreases responding

Accepted Answer

The answer of After receiving a reinforcer on a fixed-interval...

Question 2

You help a friend move into a new house.After you are done,your friend goes inside and closes the door.Three days later,they call you up and thank you for helping them move.From an operant conditioning perspective,the next time your friend moves,what will you do?
A)You will immediately go and help your friend move.
B)You will help your friend move but wait several days.
C)You will start to help your friend but then stop.
D)You will not help your friend.

Accepted Answer

The delayed gratitude (three days later) serves as a weak reinforcer, making it less likely that you will help immediately or at all next time.

Question 3

Scallop effects occur in which reinforcement schedule?
A)fixed-ratio
B)fixed-interval
C)variable-ratio
D)variable-interval

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scallop effects occur in which reinforcement schedule?
A)fixed-ratio
B)fixed-interval
C)variable-ratio
D)variable-interval...

Question 4

Jerry is a teacher in a class of young students who have lots of energy.Jerry tells them that if they are quiet for 5 min,they can go outside for recess.As a result,the students stop fidgeting and are very quiet.Jerry is using which type of reinforcement schedule?
A)DRH
B)DRO
C)DRL
D)contingency

Accepted Answer

Jerry is using a Differential Reinforcement of Other behavior (DRO) schedule, where reinforcement is given when a specific undesired behavior (fidgeting and noise) is not observed for a set period.

Question 5

Marcus is in Vegas and starts to play a slot machine.On his first pull,he wins $1.On his second pull,he wins nothing; on his third pull,he wins nothing,and on his fourth pull,he wins a dollar.Marcus is on which schedule of reinforcement?
A)fixed-ratio
B)variable-ratio
C)fixed-interval
D)variable-interval

Accepted Answer

Marcus is on a variable-ratio schedule because the reinforcement (winning) occurs after an unpredictable number of pulls.

Question 6

John is in a biochemistry class.Each week,he has a major exam that covers two chapters.To do well,John must utilize which schedule of reinforcement?
A)fixed-ratio
B)variable-ratio
C)DRH
D)DRO

Accepted Answer

The answer of John is in a biochemistry class.Each week,he...

Question 7

Steve has been writing and receiving grants for a university for the past 10 years.However,when he recently asked for a raise in his salary,it was denied.As a result,Steve's grant writing behavior has significantly decreased.Steve is experiencing a ______ effect.
A)behavioral contrast
B)serial position
C)positive contrast
D)negative contrast

Accepted Answer

Steve is experiencing a negative contrast effect, where a decrease in reinforcement (denied raise) leads to a decrease in the behavior (grant writing).

Question 8

Steve is waiting for an important check from the IRS.He begins to check his mail starting at 9 o'clock in the morning and checks it every hour throughout the day.This is an example of a ______.
A)fixed-ratio schedule
B)variable-ratio schedule
C)fixed-interval schedule
D)variable-interval schedule

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a fixed-interval schedule because Steve checks his mail at fixed, regular intervals (every hour).

Question 9

When I am in Vegas,the slot machines require that you pull the handle within a specific period of time in order to get reinforcement.This is an example of a ______ schedule of reinforcement.
A)DRO
B)variable-ratio
C)compound
D)DRH

Accepted Answer

The answer of When I am in Vegas,the slot machines...

Question 10

When a reinforcer depends on both time and responding,this is called ______.
A)a contingency reinforcement schedule
B)a differential reinforcement schedule.
C)a variable-ratio schedule
D)a fixed-ratio schedule

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a reinforcer depends on both time...

Question 11

When a dog must wait a specific period of time and then make a response before receiving reinforcement,this is called ______.
A)contingency reinforcement
B)a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement
C)behavioral contrast
D)a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement involves providing reinforcement for the first response after a fixed duration of time has passed.

Question 12

I love the fly fish.I put the fly in the water and I immediately catch a fish.The next time I put the fly in the water,I wait 5 min before catching a fish.The third time I put my fly in the water,I wait 20 min before catching a fish.Finally,the next time I put my fly in the water,I catch a fish in 2 min.This is an example of a ______ reinforcement schedule.
A)fixed-ratio
B)fixed-interval
C)variable-ratio
D)variable-interval

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes a variable-interval reinforcement schedule, where the time between reinforcements (catching a fish) varies unpredictably.

Question 13

Susan is taking a learning class.During this period,she is given an assignment where she needs to conduct a 15-page research project and write it up within 2 weeks.Consequently,Susan must work very hard to complete the assignment.This is an example of a ______ of reinforcement.
A)fixed-ratio schedule
B)DRO schedule
C)DRH schedule
D)contingency reinforcement schedule

Accepted Answer

The answer of Susan is taking a learning class.During this...

Question 14

I am trying to start my lawn mower.I pull the starting cord 20 times and it doesn't start.I then wait 1 min and pull the cord another 20 times and it still doesn't start.I then decide to take a break.After waiting for 5 min,I come back and pull the cord and the lawn mower starts.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?
A)variable-interval
B)variable-ratio
C)DRO schedule
D)DRL schedule

Accepted Answer

A DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates) schedule reinforces a response only if it occurs after a specified amount of time has passed since the last response, which in this case is the break you took before the lawn mower started.

Question 15

Which schedule gives you the highest rate of responding?
A)a fixed-ratio
B)a variable-ratio
C)a contrasting schedule
D)a contingency schedule

Accepted Answer

Variable-ratio schedules produce the highest rates of responding because they are unpredictable and therefore more reinforcing.

Question 16

One way to increase the delay between the response and reinforcer is to ______.
A)provide a greater positive reinforcer
B)use a DRH schedule
C)use a DRO schedule
D)use a secondary reinforcer during the interval

Accepted Answer

Using a secondary reinforcer during the interval can bridge the gap between the response and the primary reinforcer, effectively increasing the delay while maintaining the behavior.

Question 17

The longer the delay between the response in a primary reinforcer,______.
A)the greater the conditioning
B)the greater the importance of the primary reinforcer
C)the weaker the conditioning
D)the greater the importance of a DRO schedule

Accepted Answer

The longer the delay between the response and the primary reinforcer, the weaker the conditioning becomes because the association between the behavior and the reinforcer is less clear.

Question 18

Which factor plays an important role in negative contrast effects?
A)the schedule of reinforcement
B)the schedule of punishment
C)the amount of reinforcement
D)the emotion of frustration

Accepted Answer

Negative contrast effects are influenced by the emotion of frustration, which occurs when an expected reward is reduced or removed, leading to a decrease in response.

Question 19

When a small reward is less effective than it would normally be because of past experiences with a large reward,this is called ______.
A)a positive contrast effect
B)a negative contrast effect
C)a tertiary contrast effect
D)a serial position effect

Accepted Answer

A negative contrast effect occurs when a smaller reward is perceived as less appealing because it is compared to a previously experienced larger reward.

Question 20

One way to achieve high responding is to ______.
A)have a long delay between the response and reinforcer
B)increase the reward magnitude
C)use a variable-interval schedule
D)none of these are correct

Accepted Answer

Increasing the reward magnitude can lead to higher responding because it makes the reinforcer more appealing, thereby motivating the subject to respond more frequently to obtain the larger reward.

Quiz 5: Principles and Applications of Appetitive Conditioning

After receiving a reinforcer on a fixed-interval schedule,the organism ______

You help a friend move into a new house.After you are done,your friend goes inside and closes the door.Three days later,they call you up and thank you for helping them move.From an operant conditioning perspective,the next time your friend moves,what will you do?

Scallop effects occur in which reinforcement schedule?

Jerry is a teacher in a class of young students who have lots of energy.Jerry tells them that if they are quiet for 5 min,they can go outside for recess.As a result,the students stop fidgeting and are very quiet.Jerry is using which type of reinforcement schedule?

Marcus is in Vegas and starts to play a slot machine.On his first pull,he wins $1.On his second pull,he wins nothing; on his third pull,he wins nothing,and on his fourth pull,he wins a dollar.Marcus is on which schedule of reinforcement?

John is in a biochemistry class.Each week,he has a major exam that covers two chapters.To do well,John must utilize which schedule of reinforcement?

Steve has been writing and receiving grants for a university for the past 10 years.However,when he recently asked for a raise in his salary,it was denied.As a result,Steve's grant writing behavior has significantly decreased.Steve is experiencing a ______ effect.

Steve is waiting for an important check from the IRS.He begins to check his mail starting at 9 o'clock in the morning and checks it every hour throughout the day.This is an example of a ______.

When I am in Vegas,the slot machines require that you pull the handle within a specific period of time in order to get reinforcement.This is an example of a ______ schedule of reinforcement.

When a reinforcer depends on both time and responding,this is called ______.

When a dog must wait a specific period of time and then make a response before receiving reinforcement,this is called ______.

Susan is taking a learning class.During this period,she is given an assignment where she needs to conduct a 15-page research project and write it up within 2 weeks.Consequently,Susan must work very hard to complete the assignment.This is an example of a ______ of reinforcement.

Which schedule gives you the highest rate of responding?

One way to increase the delay between the response and reinforcer is to ______.

The longer the delay between the response in a primary reinforcer,______.

Which factor plays an important role in negative contrast effects?

When a small reward is less effective than it would normally be because of past experiences with a large reward,this is called ______.

One way to achieve high responding is to ______.