Question 1

The computer-assisted self-interview:

Accepted Answer

The computer-assisted self-interview can include audio components to help participants who have difficulty reading, ensuring they can understand and respond to the questions.

Question 2

In a study about sexuality, participants of a perfectly random sample were truthful and tried to give information that was as accurate as possible.Identify the factor that is most likely to make their self-reports inaccurate in this context.

Accepted Answer

Participants may have difficulties accurately estimating or recalling details about their sexual behavior, leading to inaccuracies in self-reports.

Question 3

The findings of a research study on the sexual habits of adolescents are printed in a medical journal along with the names of those who participated in the study.In ethical terms, this study has violated the:

Accepted Answer

The principle of protection from harm is violated in this study as the publication of the participants' names could potentially harm their privacy and reputation. It is important to protect participants' confidentiality in research studies to avoid any harm or negative consequences. The principle of informed consent is related to getting the participants' permission to participate in the study, which may have been obtained in this case, but their privacy was still violated. The cost-benefit principle and justice principle may not necessarily be applicable in this scenario.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of a participant's right to quit a study on sexuality at any time?

Accepted Answer

Participants have the right to withdraw from a study at any time as part of the ethical principle of informed consent.

Question 5

Anonymity of responses in sex research stems from the ethical principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

Anonymity of responses in sex research primarily serves to protect participants from potential harm, including social stigma or personal distress, which aligns with the ethical principle of protection from harm.

Question 6

Which among the following is an example of enlargement in sex research?

Accepted Answer

Enlargement in sex research refers to exaggerating or overstating sexual experiences or capabilities. Claiming to always experience multiple orgasms during sex is an example of such exaggeration.

Question 7

Which of the following is a major advantage of direct observation over self-reports?

Accepted Answer

Direct observation is more accurate than self-reports because it does not rely on the participant's memory or willingness to provide accurate information.

Question 8

A new drug for the treatment of syphilis is tested only on patients of low socioeconomic status (SES).Only patients whom the researchers felt would benefit from the drug are chosen and given the choice to participate in the study.The participants are given information about how the drug will affect their bodies and warned about a list of possible side-effects.However, patients from high SES neighborhoods are not contacted.Which of the following can be inferred from this study?

Accepted Answer

The study undermines the justice principle because it selectively includes only patients from low socioeconomic status, potentially excluding others who might benefit, thus not distributing the benefits and burdens of research fairly.

Question 9

Informed consent and protection from harm in sexual research are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Informed consent and protection from harm are ethical standards for conducting research on sexuality. They ensure that participants understand the study and willingly agree to participate, as well as protect participants from physical, psychological, or emotional harm. These principles prioritize the well-being of the research participants above the goals of the research itself.

Question 10

In a perfect test-retest reliability:

Accepted Answer

In a perfect test-retest reliability, the correlation between the two sets of responses is 1.0, indicating that the responses are consistent over time.

Question 11

Sponsoring agencies and sex researchers attempt to minimize the stress to participants in a study while still gaining valuable knowledge.This is done by:

Accepted Answer

Using a cost-benefit approach is the best choice as it involves carefully weighing the potential benefits of the research against any potential risks or harm to the participants. This helps researchers to minimize stress to participants while still gaining valuable knowledge. Choices A and C are not necessarily effective in minimizing stress on their own, and choice B is unethical as it involves putting participants in danger for the sake of research.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of the computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) method?

Accepted Answer

The CASI method can be combined with an audio component, allowing respondents to both read and listen to the questions and prompts. This can increase accessibility for those with poor reading skills and potentially reduce fudged responses. The CASI method also typically offers more privacy to respondents compared to traditional face-to-face interviews.

Question 13

A 30-year-old man frequents book stores that sell erotic literature.However, when asked about this in a research study, he denies ever having been to one.In sex research, this tendency is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Concealment refers to the tendency of individuals to hide or not disclose information about themselves, particularly in sex research where topics may be perceived as sensitive or embarrassing. In this case, the man is concealing his visits to book stores that sell erotic literature. Enlargement and causal inference are not relevant to this scenario, and while volunteer bias is related to research participation, it does not specifically pertain to the concealment of behaviors.

Question 14

Which of the following is a method of assessing whether self-reports are accurate?

Accepted Answer

Test-retest reliability is a method used to assess the consistency and accuracy of self-reports by measuring the same individuals at two different points in time and comparing the results.

Question 15

Researchers have an obligation to ensure that research risks and benefits are distributed fairly across all groups in society.This is known as the principle of:

Accepted Answer

The principle of justice in research ethics requires that research risks and benefits be distributed fairly across all groups in society.

Question 16

Informed consent in research means that participants:

Accepted Answer

Informed consent means participants are fully informed about the research, including what they will be asked to do, before agreeing to participate.

Question 17

Which of the following problems is best minimized by assuring participants of response anonymity and convincing them that the research will be used for scientific purposes?

Accepted Answer

Assuring participants of response anonymity and the scientific purpose of the research helps minimize purposeful distortion, where participants might otherwise alter their responses to align with perceived expectations or social desirability.

Question 18

Rosie volunteers to complete a sex survey for Ivan Masterful, a doctoral student working on his dissertation.One of the questions refers to the number of times the respondent has had unprotected sexual intercourse.Rosie marks "less than two times" even though she knows the number is higher.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Rosie's response is an example of concealment because she is intentionally providing a lower number than the actual one, hiding the true extent of her unprotected sexual intercourse.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of the direct observation methods of studying sexuality?

Accepted Answer

Direct observation methods in studying sexuality are indeed expensive and time-consuming because they require extensive preparation, ethical considerations, and sometimes specialized equipment or settings to observe behaviors accurately and respectfully.

Question 20

Factors other than the survey by itself can influence responses.For example, the gender or ethnicity of the interviewer may influence participants.These factors are known as:

Accepted Answer

Extraneous factors are variables that can influence the outcome of a study but are not the variables of interest. In this context, the gender or ethnicity of the interviewer can affect participants' responses, making them extraneous factors.

Quiz 3: Sex Research